Engineering works and the tidal Chesapeake

The tidal tributaries of the ocean and coastal areas of the mid-Atlantic region and the ecological significance of engineering projects are discussed. The effects of engineering works on maritime environments and resources, with the Chesapeake Bay as the area of prime interest are examined. Significant engineering projects, both actual and proposed, are described. The conflict of navigational demands and maintenance of an estuarine environment for commercial and sport fishing and recreation is described. Specific applications of remote sensors for analyzing ecological conditions of the bay are included

Southern Chesapeake Bay water color and circulation analysis

There are no author-identified significant results in this report

Tissue transplantation in pyridoxine-deficient mice

Thesis (M.A.)--Boston UniversityThe process by which tissue transplants are rejected by the host is believed to involve an antigen-antibody reaction. This hypothesis is strengthened by successful transplantations carried out in agammaglobulinemic patients. Also, in normal subjects, second set homografts are rejected much earlier than are the initial grafts, indicating that antibodies are already present at the time of second grafting. The time of rejection of the first set of grafts is approximately the same as the time required for the demonstration of circulating antibodies after the parenteral administration of a foreign protein, about ten to fourteen days. It has been shown that the second-set phenomenon can be reproduced by passive sensitization of the future recipient to the future donor. Although it has been indicated that rejection of transplants is believed to involve an antibody-antigen reaction, no circulating antibodies to skin or other transplanted tissues have been demonstrated. However, the rejection is believed due to tissue, non-circulating antibodies. Homograft survival depends on other factors as well as presence or absence of antibody. Genetic differences have been shown to be of great importance by many workers. Successful grafts may be made between identical twins or among highly inbred strains of animals. Tolerance can be induced by injecting the fetal or neonatal animal with cellular extracts from the future donor. It has been demonstrated recently that (1) tolerance is due to a central failure of the imununologic response and (2) the antigens in the homograft do not adapt but continue to produce stimuli in the original form. In agammaglobulinemic patients lymph nodes are abnormal, usually being small and poorly developed and plasma cells are absent from inflammatory exudates, bone marrow and lymph nodes. A distinct lymphoid atrophy together with absence of plasma cells has been demonstrated experimentally in mice fed a pyridoxine-deficient diet. Recent investigations have emphasized the importance of the plasma cell in antibody production. Pyridoxine-deficiency in mice can be produced in a relatively short time by the use of the anti-metabolite, desoxypyridoxine. It is possible to produce a high degree of anaphylactic sensitivity to foreign protein in mice by combining Hemophilis pertussis with the antigen in the sensitization procedure. Methods and Results. Pyridoxine deficiency has been produced in mice by administration of desoxypyridoxine in conjunction with a pyridoxine-deficient diet. The production of anaphylactic sensitivity in pyridoxine deficient mice has markedly inhibited: a mortality rate of 100% was obtained in control animals while only 23% of the deficient mice died of anaphylactic shock. Antibody titrations of the sera of sensitized mice by the Boyden technique resulted in positive reactions in the control sera to a dilution of greater than 1:640, while the sera of the deficient mice was positive to a dilution of only 1:160. A highly significant statistical difference in survival time of skin homografts was obtained between control and deficient mice. The mean survival time found for grafts in control albinos was 16 days while that for the deficient ones was 22 days. In adrenalectomized animals the mean survival time for homografts in albino controls was 17 days while that for the deficient ones was 24 days. In the case of homografts exchanged between strains, no difference was found between albino to black transfers and black to albino transfers in the controls. The mean survival time for the grafts in both instances was 10 days. In the deficient groups the mean survival time for black grafts to white mice was 23 days and the mean for white grafts to black mice was 21 days. When adrenalectomies were performed along with homograftings between strains, no difference was found in either the control or deficient groups. The mean for all four groups was about 16 days. No significant difference has found between survival times of homografts made between normal male mice and those made between female controls. The mean for the male mice was 13 days and for the female mice it was 16 days. Autografts of Swiss-Webster mice appeared to slough at about the nineteenth day but two months after grafting, 65% of the sites were regrowing hair in the direction in which the grafts had been oriented. A definite depression of anaphylactic sensitivity and a marked decrease in antibody titer to foreign protein has been demonstrated in pyridoxine-deficient mice. A statistically significant difference in lengthening of survival time of homografts has been observed in pyridoxine-deficient mice as compared with their controls

Recent studies in the United States on parasites and pathogens of marine mollusks, with emphasis on diseases of the American oyster, Crassostrea virginica Gmelin

Morphological, systematic, faunal, and life cycle studies predominated research on marine parasites and pathogens in the United States before World War II. Much was primarily basic or academic in nature. Since then it has grown and diversified under pressure or efforts to: I) Increase yields or invertebrate-based fisheries, In nature and under controlled conditions; and 2) understand , protect, and improve the resources, estuarine and marine environments, and human health and welfare. Over the last 30 yr pathobiologlcal investigations of economically and ecologically important marine Invertebrates have broadened into submlcroscopcal anatomy (TEM and SEM technlques), physiology, Immunology, genetics, host-parasite ecology, Interactions between environmental pollution and disease, and prophylaxis and treatment of their diseases. Importation of foreign oysters (and other shellfish species) and their transfer and transplantation between the coastal regions, provinces, and states of North America have resulted in growing disease problems and a corresponding interest In the parasitology and pathology of the mollusks involved. It has also spawned efforts to control introductions and transfers. Two major diseases have been found to interfere with production or native Atlantic oysters along the Gulf and/or Atlantic coasts of the United States. These are the Dermo or fungus disease, caused by the apicomplexan protlstan Perkinsus marinus (both coasts) and MSX or Delaware Bay disease, caused by the sporozoan Haplosporidium nelsoni (the Atlantic coast-prlncipally in Chesapeake and Delaware Bays). Knowledge of lhese important epizootic-produclng diseases Is reviewed and discussed, along with that or other parasites and pathogen. of molluskan shellfish lo North America, and an extensive References section of the results or recent research on molluskan parasites and diseases is presented.https://scholarworks.wm.edu/vimsbooks/1041/thumbnail.jp

Histopathological analyses of tissue sections of the eyes of indigenous species of marine/estuarine and estuarine fish

The Elizabeth River is the most heavily settled and industrialized major subestuary in Virginia\u27s Chesapeake System. Under increasing use and development since around 1610, its\u27 waters have been exposed to all types of domestic, agricultural, military and industrial contaminants. ....Its sediments are contaminated by heavy metals, PAHs and all other introduced materials that accumulate and are stored there, with or without chemical transformation.... Collection of fish began in the Elizabeth River in the summer of 1982

The Mid-Atlantic Bight, a neglected marine gold mine : report of the Subcommittee on the Atlantic Bight

The mid~Atlantic Bight is that area of the western no:rth bounded by Cape :i-a:ltteras on the south, Cape Cod on the north and the coast lines and fall lines of the various tributaries in the west, Figure 1. The eastern boundary is more ditficult to define but might be considered as the Gulf Stream or even beyond. Neither of these boundaries is clearly defined except the shoreline; but even this clear demarcation is somewhat illusory because there are zones of transition on the beach . The land merges with the sea more gradually in the salt marshes than on the sandy beaches. F all lines may be broached by determined anadromous and catafromous fishes. The salt lagoons, great bays and smaller estuaries are also part of the Bight. This is a large, complex geographical entity

Utilization of physical and mathematical models in marine water resources research, planning and management : a final report

During the period 1 September 1967 to 30 September 1969, Virginia Institute of Marine Science personnel were engaged in hydraulic model studies, mathematical and computer studies; and instrument and technique development. An investigation was made into the stability and reproducibility of an estuarine hydraulic model. Studies were made of the dispension of point-source dye releases in an estuarine hydraulic model, and of the applicability of the results to the release of disease-resistant seed oysters. Analytical studies were made of diffusion in estuaries and of the integro-differential equations for estuarine \u27flow. Computer studies were made of two-dimensional estuarine circulation and of solution of the· one-dimensional equations by analogue simulation. Development was carried out on an automated recording salinometer and on a miniaturized current meter for hydraulic models. Computer tech, niques were developed for use in hydraulic model work

The Evolution of the Chesapeake Oyster Reef System During the Holocene Epoch

The oyster industries of Virginia and Maryland were based upon adult and juvenile oysters, and their shells, produced naturally on the reefs of the Chesapeake oyster reef system. Without those reefs the billions of bushels of live oysters and shells taken by humans could neither have been produced naturally nor harvested and the valuable social and economic activities derived therefrom would never have occurred. The origin and development of the formerly massive, naturally self-renewing Chesapeake reef system were directly associated with the evolution of the Bay. Its destruction can be linked primarily to the increase of humans around the Bay and beyond and their demand for oysters and shells. Both phases, development and destruction, of reef history have occurred during the last three-quarters to twothirds of the post-glacial Holocene period, around 7,000 years or less. more...https://scholarworks.wm.edu/vimsbooks/1086/thumbnail.jp

The marine resources of Virginia, their development, use and preservation

An Address By William J. Hargis, Jr., Director Virginia Institute of Marine Science Gloucester Point, Virginia presented at the Governor\u27s Conference on Natural Resources Hotel John Marshall April 22, 1964

Exploration and research in Chesapeake Bay : being a brief history of the development of knowledge of the Bay of Santa Maria

This paper was the basis for the luncheon address by Dr. Hargis, one of the Founders and then Chairman of the Board of Trustees of the Chesapeake Research Consortium, Inc., on the occasion of the Bi-State Conference on Chesapeake Bay, held at Patuxent Naval Air Station, Lexington Park, Maryland, April 1977