Hawthorne Boulevard: Commercial Gentrification and the Creation of an Image

Portland\u27s Southeast Hawthorne Boulevard illustrates commercial gentrification in progress. Once a declining service district, Hawthorne is now one of the city\u27s most popular shopping streets. Tracing and classifying businesses, using address listings from city directories, gives an accurate picture of changes since 1980. Three parallel trends can be distinguished in the makeup of the business mix: a shift from services to retailing; a move towards a regional, rather than a neighborhood, market area; and a cultural upgrading associated with the influx of increasingly expensive stores. Classification also aids in the definition of a tipping point at which revitalization became gentrification. The actions of individual entrepreneurs in the revitalization process were complemented by the Hawthorne business association\u27s participation in the Main Street program, a national project to improve declining retail districts. The program helped the Hawthorne district become more successful by encouraging physical improvements, special promotions and greater communication among merchants. Hawthorne has experienced dramatic increases in the numbers of restaurants, gifts shops and clothing stores, and a decline in convenience and household goods. Its changing role and evolving image exemplify the national trend towards specialized, recreational retailing. The district has retained its longstanding reputation as a focus for used books and stereo equipment and, in spite of becoming a regional magnet, still reflects the character of its surrounding neighborhoods. The commercial was accompanied by a shift in business orientation. The conspicuous consumption and high prices usually associated with gentrification are moderated by a large number of stores that advocate political correctness and promote recycling. Hawthorne is typified by the presence of alternative subcultural groups such as bohemians and gays. The district\u27s continued accessibility to poorer sectors of society is apparent in the large number of stores se11ing secondhand goods. Coincident with its bohemian image, many stores have a strong feminist slant. Hawthorne as a whole serves as a focus for Portland\u27s lesbian community. Hawthorne\u27s multi-faceted image is created by the stores and their advertising, and by planned ventures of the business association. The well-educated, low-income, female-focused nature of many stores reflect the character of neighborhood while drawing like-minded people from all over the city. Hawthorne\u27s neighborhoods have a lower rate of owner occupancy, more non-family households, and a higher percentage of women than the city as a whole. The five census tracts adjacent to Hawthorne have above average education levels but lower household incomes than the city median. The significance of gentrification lies in it being a manifestation of broader changes affecting society as a whole. Changes in gender divisions, the break-down of the traditional household, the evolution of lifestyle-based neighborhoods, and the increasing appeal of diverse central city neighborhoods are all creating new places and new forms of consumption. The Hawthorne district is an effective example of successful commercial revitalization and the creation of a gender-based commercial landscape

Population ecology of landlocked Arctic charr, <i>Salvelinus alpinus L</i>., in the Canadian High Arctic

The thesis describes fieldwork conducted during the Joint Services Expeditions to Ellesmere Island 1988, 1991 and subsequent modelling activities. Four landlocked populations of Arctic charr, Salvelinus alpinus L., were surveyed at 81 oN, close to the northerly extreme of the species range. They were single-species populations consisting of two distinct size modes, "Dwarf" and "Normal" charr, but with major differences both in size and relative numbers between the lakes. Tentative correlations between population structure, growth rate variation and possible genetic divergence are suggested by this fieldwork and the models examine their credibility. The key hypothesis is that the alternative life history strategies represented by Dwarf and Normal charr represent different solutions to the problem of energy limitation within a size-structured population. Major findings of the models are that alternative life history strategies should be expected to be optimised at different growth rates; density dependence implies that Dwarfs and Normals have equal fitness; a high average juvenile growth rate is likely to lead to a large number of Normals relative to Dwarfs; and that maximum individual fitness is probably achieved in bimodal populations within a "semi-speciated" condition. A combination of evidence further suggests that cannibalism is a likely mechanism for maintenance of the bimodal population structures; and the form of a reaction norm for choice of life history strategy is predicted and found to be similar to one experimentally determined for smolting in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L .

Initiative and the Heroes in Three Hemingway Novels: The Movement from Defeat to Undefeat

A monograph presented to the faculty of the Department of English at Morehead State University in partial fulfillment of the requirement s for the Degree of Master of Art by Joyce W. Hardyman in August of 1969

Experimental Paving Projects Using Curtiss-Wright’s Coal-Modified, Coal-Tar Binder [1960]

On April 7, 1959, the Curtiss-Wright Corporation announced the development of a new coal-based road paving binder, utilizing bituminous coal. This development was the result of their research program conducted in an effort to find new uses for coal and coal products. The basic principle used in preparing this bituminous binder was the digestion of powdered coal in coal tar and tar oils at temperatures of 500-600°F. By adjusting the proportions of tar, tar oils, and coal, binders could be prepared having penetration ranges comparable to asphalt cements. It was the intent of the developers that the modified binders be used in the same manner as asphalt cements in hot-plant mixtures

Comparison of Abbey Theatre today with the original Irish National Theatre.

Thesis (M.A.)--Boston University This item was digitized by the Internet Archive

Does Involvement in Religion Help Prisoners Adjust to Prison? (FOCUS)

Research conducted by the National Council on Crime and Delinquency has uncovered an abundant variety of religious responses to incarceration. First, religious participation can help an inmate overcome the depression, guilt, and self-contempt that so often accompanies the prison sentence. Second, inmates may seek a way to avoid the constant threats faced in prison. In many ways, the prisoner's desire for religion is not very different from that of the free-world citizen in that he or she seeks religion to make life more livable

IMPLEMENTASI MANAJEMEN PROGRAM PEMASARAN DI SMAIT AR RAIHAN BANDAR LAMPUNG

This study aims to describe and analyse the implementation of marketing program management at SMA IT Ar Raihan Bandar Lampung. This research approach is qualitative with case study method. this research was conducted at SMA IT Ar Raihan Bandar Lampung in the odd semester of the 2023/2024 school year. The primary source of this research is the principal and education personnel in the marketing department. While secondary sources in this study are books, documents, and scientific articles related to research. Data collection techniques used observation interviews and documentation. Test the validity of the data using data triangulation. And data analysis using Miles and Huberman analysis techniques, namely by codifying data, presenting data, and drawing conclusions. The results prove that the marketing strategy signed by potential schools in Bandar Lampung has had a significant positive impact on increasing new student enrolment. Furthermore, marketing strategies through social media advertising also have a positive impact on increasing awareness and new student enrolment. Marketing strategies by collaborating with tutoring also have a positive impact on increasing new student enrolment. Marketing strategies based on active participation of alumni can also build a positive reputation, attract the attention of prospective students, and increase the number of new student applicants. So it can be concluded that the four strategies are very effective in supporting marketing programme management at SMA IT Raihan Bandar Lampung

Trajectories of value: an exploration of value co-creation and destruction in cancer services

This is the first study to apply an analytical framework based on service-dominant logic (S-D logic) to a UK specialist health care context. The primary aim is to investigate how value, when framed as value that is perceived and determined on the basis of use (i.e. ‘value-in-use’, Vargo and Lusch 2004a) is conceptualised by service users (patients) and service providers (health care staff) in a specialist cancer service setting. Factors influencing the trajectories of ‘value’ (creation and destruction) in micro-level health service encounters are also analysed. This work is transdisciplinary in nature and combines scholarship from fields including services marketing and public management regarding value, value co-creation and patient and public participation in public services (specifically patient engagement in direct health care). In doing so, this work focuses on the S-D logic framework and the recent application of this approach in public management research (Osborne et al 2013). This study adopts an interpretive approach (using semi-structured interviews and observational data) to the investigation of these focal study phenomena. This study responds to calls for research regarding the empirical application of S-D logic (Ostrom et al 2015). Study findings reveal that ‘value’ is a temporal concept, which varies over time and is experienced ‘in context’. The S-D logic framework usefully focuses attention on the service user and interactions between patients and health care staff during service encounters. S-D logic does not, however, neatly map into a health care context. The findings show that value can be created and destroyed both within single encounters, and across multiple health service encounters. Four main themes are identified which contribute to the creation and destruction of value in the UK specialist cancer care context: access to resources (includes specialist knowledge and skills and physical resources); the quality of interactions; resource use and organisational factors