2,206 research outputs found
Creating Structured PDF Files Using XML Templates
This paper describes a tool for recombining the logical structure from an XML document with the typeset appearance of the corresponding PDF document. The tool uses the XML representation as a template for the insertion of the logical structure into the existing PDF document, thereby creating a Structured/Tagged PDF. The addition of logical structure adds value to the PDF in three ways: the accessibility is improved (PDF screen readers for visually impaired users perform better), media options are enhanced (the ability to reflow PDF documents, using structure as a guide, makes PDF viable for use on hand-held devices) and the re-usability of the PDF documents benefits greatly from the presence of an XML-like structure tree to guide the process of text retrieval in reading order (e.g. when interfacing to XML applications and databases)
The Emerging Role of the Quid Pro Quo Requirement in Public Corruption .Prosecutions Under the Hobbs Act
This Note discusses the quid pro quo requirement under the Hobbs Act, a federal criminal statute which applies to bribery by public officials. The author first describes two recent decisions by the Supreme Court, McCormick v. United States and Evans v. United States, which established slightly different versions of a quid pro quo requirement in public corruption prosecutions under the Hobbs Act. The author then explains that the lower federal courts interpreting McCormick and Evans have molded the quid pro quo requirement so that a prosecutor must prove in all public corruption cases under the Hobbs Act that the official intended a bribe-payor to believe that a momentary payment was a condition to the performance or nonperformance of particular official acts. The author further explains that federal courts do not require the official to either express his intent explicitly or actually intend to perform an official act. Although the author argues that explicitness by the official should not be required, he also argues that officials, in fact, tend to engage in explicit bribery. The author concludes that judges will continue to mold the quid pro quo requirement partly according to their individual moral and political perspectives
Unsupervised Reconstruction of 3D Human Pose Interactions From 2D Poses Alone
Current unsupervised 2D-3D human pose estimation (HPE) methods do not work in
multi-person scenarios due to perspective ambiguity in monocular images.
Therefore, we present one of the first studies investigating the feasibility of
unsupervised multi-person 2D-3D HPE from just 2D poses alone, focusing on
reconstructing human interactions. To address the issue of perspective
ambiguity, we expand upon prior work by predicting the cameras' elevation angle
relative to the subjects' pelvis. This allows us to rotate the predicted poses
to be level with the ground plane, while obtaining an estimate for the vertical
offset in 3D between individuals. Our method involves independently lifting
each subject's 2D pose to 3D, before combining them in a shared 3D coordinate
system. The poses are then rotated and offset by the predicted elevation angle
before being scaled. This by itself enables us to retrieve an accurate 3D
reconstruction of their poses. We present our results on the CHI3D dataset,
introducing its use for unsupervised 2D-3D pose estimation with three new
quantitative metrics, and establishing a benchmark for future research
LInKs "Lifting Independent Keypoints" -- Partial Pose Lifting for Occlusion Handling with Improved Accuracy in 2D-3D Human Pose Estimation
We present LInKs, a novel unsupervised learning method to recover 3D human
poses from 2D kinematic skeletons obtained from a single image, even when
occlusions are present. Our approach follows a unique two-step process, which
involves first lifting the occluded 2D pose to the 3D domain, followed by
filling in the occluded parts using the partially reconstructed 3D coordinates.
This lift-then-fill approach leads to significantly more accurate results
compared to models that complete the pose in 2D space alone. Additionally, we
improve the stability and likelihood estimation of normalising flows through a
custom sampling function replacing PCA dimensionality reduction previously used
in prior work. Furthermore, we are the first to investigate if different parts
of the 2D kinematic skeleton can be lifted independently which we find by
itself reduces the error of current lifting approaches. We attribute this to
the reduction of long-range keypoint correlations. In our detailed evaluation,
we quantify the error under various realistic occlusion scenarios, showcasing
the versatility and applicability of our model. Our results consistently
demonstrate the superiority of handling all types of occlusions in 3D space
when compared to others that complete the pose in 2D space. Our approach also
exhibits consistent accuracy in scenarios without occlusion, as evidenced by a
7.9% reduction in reconstruction error compared to prior works on the Human3.6M
dataset. Furthermore, our method excels in accurately retrieving complete 3D
poses even in the presence of occlusions, making it highly applicable in
situations where complete 2D pose information is unavailable
North Stirling Land Conservation District - soils manual
The North Stirling Land Conservation District is located between Katanning and Albany on the northern edge of the Stirling Ranges in south-western Western Australia.It includes parts of the Shires of Cranbrook and Tambellup, covering approximately 100,000ha of the catchment of the North Stirling basin. The basin is a flat area formed on Eocene sediments with poorly defined drainage lines and many salt lakes. It is surrounded by low granite and sandstone hills. The climate is Mediterranean, with cool wet winters and hot dry summers. Average annual rainfall ranges from 375-500 mm per annum. There is very little surface or underground water flow through the basin and the area is subject to waterlogging and salinity owing to the rising water-tables following the clearing of native vegetation (Lewis1992). The Land Conservation District was formed in 1985 following concern about the rapid decline in productivity resulting from this salinity and waterlogging. There are about 80 landholders in the district, mostly involved in wool, barley, oat and lupin production.This manual has been produced to help you identify and map the soils on your farm. The manual has been compiled for the North Stirling Land Conservation District (L.C.D.) and a list of its members is included in Appendix 1. As well as assisting you to identify soil types, the manual encourages everyone within the L.C.D. to use the same terms so that individual soil maps can be compared
Soils manual north Stirling land conservation district
The North Stirlings Land Conservation District is located between Katanning and Albany on the northern edge of the Stirling Ranges in south-western Western Australia. This manual has been produced to help you identify and map the soils on your farm. The manual has been compiled for the north Stirling Land Conservation District (L.C.D.) and a list of its members is included. As well as assisting you to identify soil types, the manual encourages everyone within the L.C.D. to use the same terms so that individual soil maps can be compared
Large anisotropic uniaxial pressure dependencies of Tc in single crystalline Ba(Fe0.92Co0.08)2As2
Using high-resolution dilatometry, we study the thermodynamic response of the
lattice parameters to superconducting order in a self-flux grown
Ba(Fe0.92Co0.08)2As2 single crystal. The uniaxial pressure dependencies of the
critical temperature of Tc, calculated using our thermal expansion and specific
heat data via the Ehrenfest relation, are found to be quite large and very
anisotropic (dTc/dpa = 3.1(1) K/GPa and dTc/dpc = - 7.0(2) K/GPa). Our results
show that there is a strong coupling of the c/a ratio to superconducting order,
which demonstrates that Tc is far from the optimal value. A surprising
similarity with the uniaxial pressure effects in several other layered
superconductors is discussed.Comment: 11 pages, 4 Figure
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