Sinkende Geburtenraten als Herausforderung für den Wohlfahrtsstaat: Lösungswege der Familien- und Arbeitsmarktpolitik im internationalen Vergleich

Die zentrale Stoßrichtung dieses Beitrages ist es, Wege für eine erfolgreiche Familienpolitik aufzuzeigen. Basierend auf einem 16-Ländersample und unter Zuhilfenahme des neuen MVQCA-Ansatzes werden unterschiedliche europäische familienpolitische Regulierungsmuster multivariat untersucht. Die theoretischen Annahmen basieren auf dem Ernährermodell. Es zeigt sich, dass (noch) in fast allen Ländern ernährertypische Strukturen zu finden sind und die Kinderraten entscheidend beeinflussen. Es wird dargestellt, warum flankierende familienpolitische Maßnahmen, besonders im finanziellen Bereich, neben einem hohen Kinderbetreuungsangebot und einer umfassenden Teilhabe der Frauen am Arbeitsmarkt, zentrale Faktoren sind, die zu einer Erhöhung der Kinderrate beitragen können. -- The main focus of this contribution is to present pathways leading to a successful family policy. With the aid of the new MVQCA approach, we shall perform a multivariate analysis of various European patterns of regulation in family policies based on a sample of 16 countries. The theoretical assumptions are based on the breadwinner model. It is shown that structures typical of the breadwinner model can (still) be found in almost all the countries examined, and that these have a crucial effect on the birth rate. This article demonstrates why, along with child care supply and comprehensive female participation in the labour market, accompanying measures in family policy, especially financial support, are key factors in the increase of birth rates.Geburtenrate,Sozialstaat,Frauenerwerbstätigkeit,Kinderbetreuung,Familienbesteuerung,Erziehungsurlaub,Mutterschutz,Öffentliche Sozialausgaben,Multi-Value Qualitative Comparative Analysis

Erregungszustände und γ-Hydroxybutyrat

Zusammenfassung: Erregungszustände können Ausdruck unterschiedlicher Krankheitsbilder sein. Gamma-Hydroxybutyrat (GHB) wird wegen euphorisierender Effekte missbraucht und kann zu Agitation, Bewusstseinsstörungen und Koma führen. Wir stellen einen 50-jährigen Patienten mit wiederholten GHB-Intoxikationen bei abstinenter Alkoholabhängigkeit und einen videodokumentierten Erregungszustand vor. Die Differenzialdiagnose wird vor dem Hintergrund der aktuellen Literatur diskutiert. GHB-Intoxikation und -Abhängigkeit stellen auch im nervenärztlichen Kontext wichtige Krankheitsbilder da

Digital 3D reconstruction of two parahissian accessory bundles in a case of Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome

Three-dimensional reconstruction of digitized histological serial sections of the cardiac conduction system yielded two accessory pathways in a case of a 24-day-old male infant who died after a short period of illness with ECG findings of Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. In infants, the differential diagnosis of possible accessory pathways connecting the AV conduction system, atrial or ventricular septum includes dispersed conduction system tissue without connecting features. This is why three-dimensional reconstruction is necessary in order to refute or establish connectivity of cell groups as found in histological serial slice image

Machine translation of TV subtitles for large scale production

This paper describes our work on building and employing Statistical Machine Translation systems for TV subtitles in Scandinavia. We have built translation systems for Danish, English, Norwegian and Swedish. They are used in daily subtitle production and translate large volumes. As an example we report on our evaluation results for three TV genres. We discuss our lessons learned in the system development process which shed interesting light on the practical use of Machine Translation technology

Adaptation of antiretroviral therapy in human immunodeficiency virus infection with central nervous system involvement

The authors describe a patient with known human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 infection who presented with two generalized seizures and was found to have extensive white matter disease and a left/bilateral temporo-occipital focal slowing on electroencephalography (EEG). There were no magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) indications for opportunistic infection. Plasma viremia was controlled, whereas viral replication was uncontrolled in CSF. CSF-specific genotype-guided adaptation of the antiretroviral therapy in order to optimize central nervous system (CNS) penetration resulted in clinical improvement and normalization of MRI and EEG. Our case report illustrates the importance of individualized antiretroviral therapy in HIV infected patients with neurological complication

Shape and soft functions of HQET and SCET in the 't Hooft Model

The main application of Heavy Quark Effective Theory (HQET) and of Soft Collinear Effective Theory (SCET) is in establishing factorization theorems for exclusive and semi-inclusive decays of heavy mesons. However, the calculation of the soft factors from the HQET or SCET factorization relations is, as usual, impeded by the non-perturbative aspect of the strong interactions. In the hope of gaining some insights into some of these quantities we compute them in the 't Hooft model. We find that the B-meson shape function is exactly given by the square of the B-meson light-cone wave-function. The structure of the B-pi structure function is more complicated: it is given by the product of wave-functions or by a resonant sum depending on the kinematics. The result simplifies dramatically in the chiral limit, where it can be compared with general arguments based on Heavy Meson-Chiral Perturbation theory. No attempt is made to use these results for applications to phenomenology.Comment: 17 pages, 5 figure

Modelling climate sensitivity of debris-covered glaciers

The common occurrence of debris-covered glaciers in high-mountain areas makes their response to climate change relevant. The insulating effect of debris cover on surface melt causes debris-covered glaciers behave differently from debris-free glaciers, warranting the use of a specialized model for predictions. In this thesis, the 2D flowline DEBISO model (Ferguson and Vieli, 2021) is used in assessing the response of debris-covered glaciers to abstract and realistic climate change. The model calculates the transport and effect of debris cover, while incorporating the formation of ice cliffs on stagnant termini as a melt-enhancing process in retreat. Two new additions to the model are made and analyzed: the curve of insulation by debris cover thickness is fit to field and literature data, and the formation of ice cliffs in the entire ablation area through supraglacial streams is added to the model. Results show that previous estimates might have overestimated the insulation effect. Response to climate changes shows significant lag consistent with observations and previous studies, which is heavily dependent on parameters like size, debris cover, and bed geometry. The lag in response leads to a dichotomy in retreat between easy re-advance for short-term warming, and more difficult readvance following long-term warming like measured and projected climate change over the 20th and 21st century. As a consequence of this lag, length response from short-term changes in climate is often minimal, making the establishment of a relationship of volume as a derivative of climate possible. Both new additions to the model resulted in a significantly weakened insulating effect, leading to behavior in retreat and advance more similar to debris-free glaciers

A Neural Model for Part-of-Speech Tagging in Historical Texts

Historical texts are challenging for natural language processing because they differ linguistically from modern texts and because of their lack of orthographical and grammatical standardisation. We use a character-level neural network to build a part-of-speech (POS) tagger that can process historical data directly without requiring a separate spelling normalisation stage. Its performance in a Swedish verb identification and a German POS tagging task is similar to that of a two-stage model. We analyse the performance of this tagger and a more traditional baseline system, discuss some of the remaining problems for tagging historical data and suggest how the flexibility of our neural tagger could be exploited to address diachronic divergences in morphology and syntax in early modern Swedish with the help of data from closely related languages