Presentation Attack Detection in Facial Biometric Authentication

Biometric systems are referred to those structures that enable recognizing an individual, or specifically a characteristic, using biometric data and mathematical algorithms. These are known to be widely employed in various organizations and companies, mostly as authentication systems. Biometric authentic systems are usually much more secure than a classic one, however they also have some loopholes. Presentation attacks indicate those attacks which spoof the biometric systems or sensors. The presentation attacks covered in this project are: photo attacks and deepfake attacks. In the case of photo attacks, it is observed that interactive action check like Eye Blinking proves efficient in detecting liveness. The Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) model trained on the dataset gave 95% accuracy. In the case of deepfake attacks, it is found out that the deepfake videos and photos are generated by complex Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) and are difficult for human eye to figure out. However, through experiments, it was observed that comprehensive analysis on the frequency domain divulges a lot of vulnerabilities in the GAN generated images. This makes it easier to separate these fake face images from real live faces. The project documents that with frequency analysis, simple linear models as well as complex models give high accuracy results. The models are trained on StyleGAN generated fake images, Flickr-Faces-HQ Dataset and Reface app generated video dataset. Logistic Regression turns out to be the best classifier with test accuracies of 99.67% and 97.96% on two different datasets. Future research can be conducted on different types of presentation attacks like using video, 3-D rendered face mask or advanced GAN generated deepfakes

Study Of Phenothiazine On p53 Core Domain Mutant Y220C: Finding The Anti-tumor Activity Of Phenothiazine

The tumor suppressor protein p53 is a transcription factor that plays a key role in the prevention of cancer development. The p53 cancer mutation Y220C induces formation of a cavity on the protein's surface that can accommodate stabilizing small molecules. We have attempted with the help of virtual screening and molecular docking approach using Lamarckian Genetic Algorithm to elucidate the extent of specificity of p53 cancer mutation Y220C towards different class of Phenothiazines (an anti-cancer agent). 

The 393 residue p53 tumor suppressor protein exists in a dynamic equilibrium to form homotetramers. Each chain comprises several functional domains. The N terminal part of the protein consists of the trans-activation domain (residues 1–63) followed by a proline rich region (64– 92). The central (core) domain (p53 core domain) is responsible for binding. The C terminal part of p53 contains the tetramerization domain (residues 326–355) and the negative regulatory domain at the extreme C terminus (363–393), which contains phosphorylation and acetylation sites and regulates the DNA binding activity of p53.

The docking result of the study of 2,000 Phenothiazines demonstrated that the binding energies were in the range of -10.54 kcal/mol to -1.14 kcal/mol, with 8 molecules showing hydrogen bonds with the active site residues (Lys 164). All the selected 2000 inhibitors were selected on the basis of the structural specificity to the enzyme towards its substrate and inhibitors. Our research provides a blueprint for the design of more potent and specific drugs that rescue p53-Y220C

Maximizing Throughput of Decentralized Wireless Sensor Network Using Reinforcement Learning

A reinforcement learning algorithm with the aim to increase the throughput of a Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) and decrease latency in a decentralized manner. WSNs are collections of sensor nodes that gather environmental data, where the main challenges are the limited power supply of nodes and the need for decentralized control. A distributed resource allocation algorithm for cellular MIMO networks by adopting a Reinforcement Learning (RL) approach. We use RL methods which employ Growing Self Organizing Maps to deal with the huge and continuous problem space. The goal of the algorithm is to maximize the network throughput in a fair manner. Indeed, the algorithm maximizes the throughput until fairness violation does not exceed an adjustable threshold

Hasse- Minkowski principle for Quadratic forms over Q

One of the main interesting topic in algebra is to find the roots of non-zero polynomials and writing down them explicitly over a given field K. The case which we consider in this project is the space of quadratic forms, which are homogeneous polynomials of degree 2, over Q. If they arise over Z, then we can study the zeros of these quadratic form by looking at them over Zp and study if that has zero in Zp or not. By Hensels lemma, this studied over the reduction modulo p

Arthroscopic treatment of displaced tibial eminence fractures using wire loop technique

Background: Several techniques of arthroscopic treatment of tibial spine avulsion fractures have been described in the literature. We conducted a study to analyze the results of arthroscopic assisted wire loop technique for treatment of tibial spine avulsion in adults and pediatric patients.Methods: From June 2011 to December 2016, 52 patients with tibial spine fractures were surgically treated with arthroscopic reduction and wire loop fixation. Forty-four patients were adults and eight were in their pediatric age group. The age group ranged from 9 years to 52 years with the mean age of 26.2 years. 28 patients were type 2 and 24 were of type 3 fracture as classified by Myeres and Mckeever’s classification. The final analysis was done using clinical tests, radiological evaluation and International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) and Lysholm score.Results: At final follow-up, the mean IKDC and Lysholm knee scores were, 92 and 93 respectively. All patients had a complete functional recovery and were able to return to work and to resume their activities.Conclusions: Arthroscopic wire loop fixation is an excellent method for tibial eminence fracture in adults and children which gives excellent results in form of control tension on ACL on each side of avulsed fragment and also gives adequate mechanical strength for early rehabilitation

Foeniculum vulgare from Spice to Pharma: Recent Advances in Its Medicinal Value, Bioactivities and Perspectives

 Foeniculum vulgare Mill. (F. vulgare) belongs to the family Apiaceae with numerous medicinal and traditional applications. It has been widely used in South Asia as an important medicine for the treatment of many ailments. Different parts of F. vulgare, including seeds, leaves, aerial part and fruits, has been found to contain diverse phytochemicals such as anethole, fenchone, limonene, estragole, and p-coumaric acid. In particular, anethole and fenchone as the chief bioactives isolated from F. vulgare, have been proven to possess notable antioxidant, antitumor, carminative, diuretic, and galactagogue effects and is useful in amenorrhoea, dental decay and irritable bowel syndrome. This review summarizes the botanical activities, traditional uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacology of F. vulgare, along with the clinical studies to serve as the basis for further research and development on this medicinal plant

DESIGN OF LOW CARBON HIGH PERFORMANCE CONCRETE INCORPORATING ULTRAFINE MATERIALS

In general, high performance concrete (HPC) is associated with high strength and improved durability in comparison to normal strength concrete. However, HPC invariably involves high binder content at low water/binder ratio and its application has been limited to specialised concrete works. In this study, an attempt was made to design high performance concrete, at high water/binder ratio made with OPC content varying from 40%-80% in concrete mixes with low binder content of 280 kg/m3. Binary and quaternary, low carbon mixes were prepared by incorporating  Supplementary Cementitious Materials (SCM) and Ultrafine (UF) materials (silica fume, ultrafine GGBS, ultrafine fly ash and metakaolin) and were characterised for strength and durability parameters such as charge passed using RCPT, electrical resistivity and carbonation depth. Findings of the study shows that with appropriate choice and combination of SCM and ultrafine materials, low carbon high performance concrete mixes can be designed for strength up to 50 MPa with improved durability performance even at 45% OPC content. Overall, performance of low carbon high performance concrete mixes depends on the type and extent of SCM as well ultrafine materials such as metakaolin, ultrafine GGBS, ultrafine fly ash and silica fume use along with their compatibility

Investigating The Prevalence and Management of Pain and Discomfort Associated with Prosthodontic Appliances

Background: This study investigates the prevalence and management of pain and discomfort associated with prosthodontic appliances, including dentures, crowns, bridges, and dental implants, among a diverse sample of 500 participants. Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted, collecting data on demographic characteristics, prevalence, and severity of pain and discomfort, and management strategies. Statistical analysis, including chi-square tests and logistic regression, was used to explore associations. Results: Dentures had the highest prevalence of pain and discomfort (45%), followed by crowns (30%), bridges (22%), and dental implants (18%). Mean severity scores were highest for dental implants (4.5), followed by dentures (5.2), bridges (4.1), and crowns (3.8). Demographics, including age, gender, education level, and socioeconomic status, influenced these experiences. Conclusion: The study highlights the need for individualized care and patient education, especially for procedures associated with higher discomfort levels. It underscores the importance of considering patient expectations and tailoring treatment recommendations. Further research should explore factors contributing to pain and discomfort and the effectiveness of management strategies