Brazilian recreational fisheries: current status, challenges and future direction.

Recreational fisheries in Brazil have increased in importance and attracted many foreign recreational fishers. The objectives of this article were to summarise the available data on Brazilian recreational fisheries, to discuss some of their features and to analyse how they are performing in different regions compared with international trends. A review of published and unpublished sources together with data from recreational fishing licences was used. The participation rate was low (0.9%). Overall, there was a high diversity of fish species, with the following species/group of species repeatedly reported: Menticirrhus spp., Centropomus spp., Cynoscion spp., and Micropogonias furnieri (marine/estuarine water), and Cichla spp., Hoplias malabaricus, and Piaractus mesopotamicus, together with the introduced Oreochromis niloticus and Coptodon rendalli (fresh water). The north-eastern region differs from the other regions: fishing occurs mostly in marine waters and fishers acquire mainly shore-based licences, have minimum fishing expenditures and rarely release fishes. There is no estimate of the total harvest or economic value. Conflicts include catch-and-release-oriented freshwater and marine recreational fishers vs consumption-oriented coastal fishers, tournament participants vs non-participants, commercial fishers and other leisure activities, pollution, ports, species introductions and translocations, protected areas, and federal and state laws. Cases of smooth shifts from artisanal to recreational fishing were detected, possibly associated with changes in the societal relationship with natural resources

Socio-economic profile of fisherman from “ponte dos franceses” brigde, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil

Submitted by Eliane Silva ([email protected]) on 2015-12-17T20:12:19Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Perfil sócio-econômico dos pescadores da ponte dos franceses, Rio Grande, RS, Brasil.pdf: 462639 bytes, checksum: f2bfb78488ff791882ad16b82642e25f (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Vitor de Carvalho ([email protected]) on 2015-12-17T22:18:06Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Perfil sócio-econômico dos pescadores da ponte dos franceses, Rio Grande, RS, Brasil.pdf: 462639 bytes, checksum: f2bfb78488ff791882ad16b82642e25f (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2015-12-17T22:18:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Perfil sócio-econômico dos pescadores da ponte dos franceses, Rio Grande, RS, Brasil.pdf: 462639 bytes, checksum: f2bfb78488ff791882ad16b82642e25f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011O presente trabalho descreve, com base em entrevistas semi-estruturadas (I = outubro de 2003 a janeiro de 2004; II = outubro de 2007 a julho de 2008), o perfil sócio-econômico dos pescadores de caniço com carretilha e tarrafa que atuam na Ponte dos Franceses, Lagoa dos Patos, Rio Grande, RS. O perfil destes pescadores é bastante semelhante entre si e pode ser caracterizado como sendo formado por indivíduos do sexo masculino, aposentados, residentes de bairros próximos à ponte e com idades entre 36 e 57 anos. Em relação às espécies-alvo, os organismos capturados são basicamente tainha, camarão e peixe-rei, para os pescadores de tarrafa, e papa-terra e corvina para os de caniço. Os pescadores de caniço com carretilha podem ser classificados como amadores (passa-tempo), e os pescadores de tarrafa, como de subsistência. Contudo, devido a grande quantidade de pescado capturada, existe a possibilidade destes últimos comercializarem parte do produto de sua pesca.This paper describes, based on semi-structured interviews (I = October 2003 to January 2004; II = October 2007 to July 2008), the socio-economic profile of the fisherman (casting nets and fishing rod) that fish in the “Ponte dos Franceses” Bridge, Patos Lagoon, RS, Brazil. The profile of the fishermen is quite similar to each other and composed by men, retirees, residents of the neighborhoods near the bridge, with ages between 36 and 57 years. In relation to the target species, the caught organisms are basically mullets, shrimps and silversides for the casting net fishermen, and kingfish and white-mouth croaker for the rod fishing. Fishermen using rod fishing can be classified as recreational (hobby), and those using casting net as subsistence fishermen. However, because of the large amount of fish caught, there is the possibility of the latter to market part of its fishing product

Mollusk shell alterations resulting from coastal contamination and other environmental factors

Effects of contamination on aquatic organisms have been investigated and employed as biomarkers in environmental quality assessment for years. A commonly referenced aquatic organism, mollusks represent a group of major interest in toxicological studies. Both gastropods and bivalves have external mineral shells that protects their soft tissue from predation and desiccation. These structures are composed of an organic matrix and an inorganic matrix, both of which are affected by environmental changes, including exposure to hazardous chemicals. This literature review evaluates studies that propose mollusk shell alterations as biomarkers of aquatic system quality. The studies included herein show that changes to natural variables such as salinity, temperature, food availability, hydrodynamics, desiccation, predatory pressure, and substrate type may influence the form, structure, and composition of mollusk shells. However, in the spatial and temporal studies performed in coastal waters around the world, shells of organisms sampled from multi-impacted areas were found to differ in the form and composition of both organic and inorganic matrices relative to shells from less contaminated areas. Though these findings are useful, the toxicological studies were often performed in the field and were not able to attribute shell alterations to a specific molecule. It is known that the organic matrix of shells regulates the biomineralization process; proteomic analyses of shells may therefore elucidate how different contaminants affect shell biomineralization. Further research using approaches that allow a clearer distinction between shell alterations caused by natural variations and those caused by anthropogenic influence, as well as studies to identify which molecule is responsible for such alterations or to determine the ecological implications of shell alterations, are needed before any responses can be applied universally.Fil: Yokota Harayashiki, Cyntia Ayumi. Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo.; BrasilFil: Marquez, Federico. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia "San Juan Bosco"; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Centro Nacional Patagónico. Instituto de Biología de Organismos Marinos; ArgentinaFil: Cariou, Elsa. Universite de Nantes; FranciaFil: Castro, Ítalo Braga. Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo.; Brasi

Behavioural and brain biomarker responses in yellowfin bream (Acanthopagrus australis) after inorganic mercury ingestion

To assess the effects of inorganic mercury ingestion on fish general behaviour and brain biochemical markers (acetylcholinesterase – AChE; lipid peroxidation – LPO; glutathione S-transferase – GST; catalase – CAT), juvenile yellowfin bream(Acanthopagrus australis) were fed mercury dosed food (low = 0.7 mg kg−1, medium = 2.4 mg kg−1 and high = 6 mg kg−1) or undosed food (control = 0.2 mg kg−1) for up to 16 days (5 replicates per treatment). Behavioural indicators, LPO levels and GST activity significantly changed overtime, but were not affected by mercury concentration. In contrast, CAT activity was higher in exposed fish in comparison to controls after 4 days, but not after 8 and 16 days. An additional depuration treatment was evaluated and fish from this treatment were less active and had significantly lower LPO levels and CAT activity than fish constantly exposed to the medium treatment. Overall, results from the present study indicate that a diet containing inorganic mercury impaired yellowfin bream growth and initially affected fish brain CAT activity, however fish were able to recover even with continuous exposure

Perfil sócio-econômico dos pescadores da ponte dos franceses, Rio Grande, RS, Brasil

O presente trabalho descreve, com base em entrevistas semi-estruturadas (I = outubro de 2003 a janeiro de 2004; II = outubro de 2007 a julho de 2008), o perfil sócio-econômico dos pescadores de caniço com carretilha e tarrafa que atuam na Ponte dos Franceses, Lagoa dos Patos, Rio Grande, RS. O perfil destes pescadores é bastante semelhante entre si e pode ser caracterizado como sendo formado por indivíduos do sexo masculino, aposentados, residentes de bairros próximos à ponte e com idades entre 36 e 57 anos. Em relação às espécies-alvo, os organismos capturados são basicamente tainha, camarão e peixe-rei, para os pescadores de tarrafa, e papa-terra e corvina para os de caniço. Os pescadores de caniço com carretilha podem ser classificados como amadores (passa-tempo), e os pescadores de tarrafa, como de subsistência. Contudo, devido a grande quantidade de pescado capturada, existe a possibilidade destes últimos comercializarem parte do produto de sua pesca.This paper describes, based on semi-structured interviews (I = October 2003 to January 2004; II = October 2007 to July 2008), the socio-economic profile of the fisherman (casting nets and fishing rod) that fish in the “Ponte dos Franceses” Bridge, Patos Lagoon, RS, Brazil. The profile of the fishermen is quite similar to each other and composed by men, retirees, residents of the neighborhoods near the bridge, with ages between 36 and 57 years. In relation to the target species, the caught organisms are basically mullets, shrimps and silversides for the casting net fishermen, and kingfish and white-mouth croaker for the rod fishing. Fishermen using rod fishing can be classified as recreational (hobby), and those using casting net as subsistence fishermen. However, because of the large amount of fish caught, there is the possibility of the latter to market part of its fishing product

Effects of oral exposure to inorganic mercury on the feeding behaviour and biochemical markers in yellowfin bream (Acanthopagrus australis)

Mercury is a known toxic metal but studies on the effects of inorganic mercury ingestion in aquatic organisms are scarce. The present study aimed to investigate changes in feeding behaviour and biomarkers (lipid peroxidation, acetylcholinesterase, glutathione S-transferase and catalase activities) of yellowfin bream (Acanthopagrus australis) after ingestion of inorganic mercury (control: 0.2 mg kg−1, low: 0.7 mg kg−1, medium: 2.4 mg kg−1and high: 6 mg kg−1) over 16 days. After 4 days, exposed fish attempted feeding more often, and showed a significantly lower eating success than controls. However, these differences became less notable with longer exposure periods. Most biochemical markers varied over time, regardless of mercury treatment. However, biomarker responses to mercury were also observed, mostly with increased exposure period and were dependant on the tissue analysed. This study showed that fish can recover from initial feeding behaviour effects of inorganic mercury, but showed delayed response in tissue biomarkers

Anthropogenic litter composition and distribution along a chemical contamination gradient at Santos Estuarine System-Brazil

Anthropogenic litter (AL) distribution was assessed on beaches presenting different levels of urban occupation at Santos Estuarine System. Plastics and cigarette butts were the items most found at sampling sites. Plastic items sub-categories, such as cotton buds, lids, microcentrifuge tubes, pellets, and polystyrene foam, presented sources related to industrial, tourism and port activities, and sewage discharges. The contamination gradient already reported for hazardous chemical levels was also observed for AL. Litter categories related to local and allochthonous sources presented a gradient of spatial distribution. Although touristic activities are an impactful and variable factor, the number of inhabitants was positively correlated with most AL categories. The semi-urban beach (S1) was classified as extremely dirty, and it was mostly covered by hazardous AL. The semi-remote (S2) and remote (S3) beaches were classified as moderate and clean with some or few hazardous AL, respectively. Therefore, urban and hydrodynamic gradients drive marine litter distribution on studied zone. (c) 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Sao Paulo Research Foundation, Brazil (FAPESP) [2019/13750-4, 2018/08015-0, 2020/08960]; CNPq, Brazil [PQ 302713/2018-2]This research was support by Sao Paulo Research Foundation, Brazil (FAPESP n. 2019/13750-4). I.B. Castro (PQ 302713/2018-2) was recipient of research productivity fellowship from the CNPq, Brazil. C.A.Y. Harayashiki (FAPESP Proc. no 2018/08015-0) and V.V. Ribeiro (FAPESP Proc. no 2020/08960) were sponsored by Sao Paulo Research Foundation, Brazil. We thank the anonymous reviewers and friends Amanda Cinquini, Keverson Soares and Mariana Ferreira for their help during sampling

Historical shell form variation in Lottia subrugosa from southeast Brazilian coast: Possible responses to anthropogenic pressures

Mollusk shells can provide important information regarding environmental parameters. It is known that shell morphology is affected by both natural and anthropogenic factors. However, few studies have investigated alterations in shell morphology over a historical perspective and considering chemical contamination and climate changes. The present study assessed shell form (shape and size) variations of limpet (Lottia subrugosa) shells sampled from 1950 to 1981 (past) in comparison with organisms obtained in 2018 (present). Differences between shells from the past and present (2018) were detected, being shell weight and height the two most important affected parameters. The differences observed were attributed to the possible increase in contamination over the years due to human population growth and to climate change. Additionally, when shells from the past were evaluated according to the decade they were sampled, results indicate that it was necessary an interval of 40 years to shell form be altered within populations.Fil: Harayashiki, Cyntia Ayumi Yokota. Universidade Federal de São Paulo; BrasilFil: Martins, Camila Pratalli. Universidade Federal de São Paulo; BrasilFil: Márquez, Federico. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Centro Nacional Patagónico. Instituto de Biología de Organismos Marinos; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia "San Juan Bosco"; ArgentinaFil: Bigatti, Gregorio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Centro Nacional Patagónico. Instituto de Biología de Organismos Marinos; Argentina. Universidad Espíritu Santo; EcuadorFil: Castro, Ítalo Braga. Universidade Federal de São Paulo; Brasi

Establishing evidence of a non-native species Pachyurus bonariensis Steindachner, 1879 (Perciformes, Sciaenidae) in Mirim Lagoon, Rio Grande do Sul (Brazil)

The La Plata croaker (Pachyurus bonariensis) family Sciaenidae, is a small (< 23 cm) benthopelagic fish that originated in the Paraná-Paraguay-Uruguay river systems in South America. Its first record in the Patos Lagoon drainage area, Rio Grande do Sul (Brazil) occurred in 2001. This research reports for the first time, the occurrence of both juvenile and adult specimens of P. bonariensis in the São Gonçalo Channel (a 75 km long waterway between Patos and Mirim lagoon) and in the Mirim Lagoon, in 2005 and 2007 respectively. A total of 434 gonads were analyzed histologically from specimens captured by artisanal fishermen at Capilha, Mirim Lagoon between 2008 and 2010. Gonadal development was observed and described. Pachyurus bonariensis probably dispersed from northern Patos Lagoon in 2001 to the São Gonçalo Channel by 2005. The occurrence of adults in limnic waters in the São Gonçalo Channel and further south in the Mirim Lagoon in 2007, confirm that P. bonariensis is now an established species in Mirim Lagoon and could become a commercially important species to the artisanal fishermen of the area. Likewise at the limnetic northern parts of Patos Lagoon, P. bonariensis is now abundant at Mirin Lagoon and the ecological impacts of this range extension must be investigated