The Origin of Mass and the Nature of Gravity

From the early explorations of thermodynamics and characterization of black body radiation, Max Planck predicted the existence of a non-zero expectation value for the electromagnetic quantum vacuum energy density or zero-point energy (ZPE). From the mechanics of a quantum oscillator, Planck derived the black body spectrum, which satisfied the Stefan-Boltzmann law with a non-vanishing term remaining where the summation of all modes of oscillations diverged to infinity in each point of the field. In modern derivation, correlation functions are utilized to derive the coherent behavior of the creation and annihilation operators. Although a common approach is to normalize the Hamiltonian so that all ground state modes cancel out, setting artificially ZPE to zero, zero-point energy is essential for the mathematical consistency of quantum mechanics as it maintains the non-commutativity of the creation and annihilation operators resulting in the Heisenberg uncertainty principle. From our computation, we demonstrate that coherent modes of the correlation functions at the characteristic time of the proton correctly result in the emergence of its mass directly from quantum vacuum fluctuation modes. We find as well that this energy value is consistent with a Casimir cavity of the same characteristic distance. As a result, we developed an analytical solution describing both the structure of quantum spacetime as vacuum fluctuations and extrapolate this structure to the surface dynamics of the proton to define a screening mechanism of the electromagnetic fluctuations at a given scale. From an initial screening at the reduced Compton wavelength of the proton, we find a direct relation to Einstein field equations and the Schwarzschild solution describing a source term for the internal energy of the proton emerging from zero-point electromagnetic fluctuations. A second screening of the vacuum fluctuations is found at the proton charge radius, which accurately results in the rest mass. Considering the initial screening, we compute the Hawking radiation value of the core Schwarzschild structure and find it to be equivalent to the rest mass energy diffusing in the internal structure of the proton. The resulting pressure gradient or pressure forces are calculated and found to be a very good fit to all the measured values of the color force and residual strong force typically associated to quark-antiquark and gluon flux tubes confinement. As a result, we are able to unify all confining forces with the gravitational force emerging from the curvature of spacetime induced by quantum electromagnetic vacuum fluctuations. Finally, we applied the quantum vacuum energy density screening mechanism to the observable universe and compute the correct critical energy density typically given for the total mass-energy of the universe

Addendum to "Quantum Gravity and the Holographic Mass" in view of the 2013 Muonic Proton Charge Radius Measurement

We consider the latest results of the measurement of the charge radius of the proton utilizing laser spectroscopy of muonic hydrogen published in Science on January 25, 2013 by an international team lead by Aldo Antognini and carried out at the Paul Scherrer Institute Proton Accelerator. Given the new charge radius measurement, we compute the proton mass utilizing our generalized holographic approach and find that our result is now within 0.00072x10e-24 g of the 2010-CODATA value of the proton rest mass. Our predicted charge radius is now within 0.00036x10e-13 cm and remains within one standard deviation of the new measurement

Addendum to "Quantum Gravity and the Holographic Mass" in View of the 2013 Muonic Proton Charge Radius Measurement

ABSTRACT We consider the latest results of the measurement of the charge radius of the proton utilizing laser spectroscopy of muonic hydrogen published in Science on January 25, 2013 by an international team lead by Aldo Antognini and carried out at the Paul Scherrer Institute Proton Accelerator. Given the new charge radius measurement, we compute the proton mass utilizing our generalized holographic approach and find that our result is now withi

Quantum Gravity and the Holographic Mass

We find an exact quantized expression of the Schwarzschild solution to Einstein’s field equations utilizing spherical Planck units in a generalized holographic approach. We consider vacuum fluctuations within volumes as well as on horizon surfaces, generating a discrete spacetime quantization and a novel quantized approach to gravitation. When applied at the quantum scale, utilizing the charge radius of the proton, we find values for the rest mass of the proton within 0.069x10e-24 g of the CODATA value and when the 2010 muonic proton charge radius measurement is utilized we find a deviation of 0.001x10e-24 g from the proton rest mass. We identify a fundamental mass ratio between the vacuum oscillations on the surface horizon and the oscillations within the volume of a proton and find a solution for the gravitational coupling constant to the strong interaction. We derive the energy, angular frequency, and period for such a system and determine its gravitational potential considering mass dilation. We find the force range to be closely correlated with the Yukawa potential typically utilized to illustrate the exponential drop-off of the confining force. Zero free parameters or hidden variables are utilized

The Origin of Mass and the Nature of Gravity

<p>From the early explorations of thermodynamics and characterization of black body radiation, Max Planck predicted the existence of a non-zero expectation value for the electromagnetic quantum vacuum energy density or zero-point energy (ZPE). From the mechanics of a quantum oscillator, Planck derived the black body spectrum, which satisfied the Stefan-Boltzmann law with a non-vanishing term remaining where the summation of all modes of oscillations diverged to infinity in each point of the field. In modern derivation, correlation functions are utilized to derive the coherent behavior of the creation and annihilation operators. Although a common approach is to normalize the Hamiltonian so that all ground state modes cancel out, setting artificially ZPE to zero, zero-point energy is essential for the mathematical consistency of quantum mechanics as it maintains the non-commutativity of the creation and annihilation operators resulting in the Heisenberg uncertainty principle. From our computation, we demonstrate that coherent modes of the correlation functions at the characteristic time of the proton correctly result in the emergence of its mass directly from quantum vacuum fluctuation modes. We find as well that this energy value is consistent with a Casimir cavity of the same characteristic distance. As a result, we developed an analytical solution describing both the structure of quantum spacetime as vacuum fluctuations and extrapolate this structure to the surface dynamics of the proton to define a screening mechanism of the electromagnetic fluctuations at a given scale. From an initial screening at the reduced Compton wavelength of the proton, we find a direct relation to Einstein field equations and the Schwarzschild solution describing a source term for the internal energy of the proton emerging from zero-point electromagnetic fluctuations. A second screening of the vacuum fluctuations is found at the proton charge radius, which accurately results in the rest mass. Considering the initial screening, we compute the Hawking radiation value of the core Schwarzschild structure and find it to be equivalent to the rest mass energy diffusing in the internal structure of the proton. The resulting pressure gradient or pressure forces are calculated and found to be a very good fit to all the measured values of the color force and residual strong force typically associated to quark-antiquark and gluon flux tubes confinement. As a result, we are able to unify all confining forces with the gravitational force emerging from the curvature of spacetime induced by quantum electromagnetic vacuum fluctuations. Finally, we applied the quantum vacuum energy density screening mechanism to the observable universe and compute the correct critical energy density typically given for the total mass-energy of the universe.</p&gt

The Electron and the Holographic Mass Solution

A computation of the electron mass is found utilizing a generalized holographic approach in terms of quantum electromagnetic vacuum fluctuations. The solution gives a clear insight into the structure of the hydrogen Bohr atom, in terms of the electron cloud and its relationship to the proton and the Planck scale vacuum fluctuations. Our electron mass solution is in agreement with the measured CODATA (Committee on Data of the International Council for Science) 2014 value. As a result, an elucidation of the source of the fine structure constant, the Rydberg constant and the proton-to-electron mass ratio is determined to be in terms of vacuum energy interacting at the Planck scale

The Unified Spacememory Network: from Cosmogenesis to Consciousness

The recent developments of advanced models of unified physics have brought a deeper understanding of the fundamental nature of space, time, energy and matter. It is becoming apparent that information and geometry are primary to explaining these fundamental agents. In previous work, we demonstrated that the subatomic nucleon structure of the proton and recently the electron can be derived directly from a spacetime holographic structure of Planck-scale quantum vacuum oscillators fluctuating as spacetime pixels, demonstrating that spacetime at the very fine level of the Planck-scale is discrete with information quanta. We have found that when considering the granular spacetime information-energy structure from which we demonstrate matter and mass arises, the phenomena of self-organizing systems that leads to self-awareness and consciousness is integral to—and a natural emergent property of the feedback-dynamics of spacetime information itself. In this work, we describe how the integral function of the information feedback dynamics of spacetime, which engender mass-energy, is the missing element in understanding the evolution and development of self-organizing physical systems in general, and the emergence of the biological organism in particular. We evaluate non-classical quantum mechanical phenomena of physical and biological systems in light of the Maldacena-Susskind holographic correspondence theorem from which an equivalence of wormhole spacetime geometry and quantum entanglement is derived. We suggest that the Planck-scale micro-wormhole entanglement structure of multiple spacetime coordinates engender the macromolecular assemblies of living cells, and that this wormhole-entanglement may function in the memory and learning capacity of the biological entity. Furthermore, the recursive information encoding feedback processes of the quantum spacetime micro-wormhole network, which we refer to as spacememory, enables memory and learning in physical systems across all scales, resulting in universal evolutionary tendencies towards higher levels of ordering and complexity – foundational to evolution, sentience, and awareness