ANTIMUTAGENIC ACTIVITY OF BINARA HERBS (ARTEMISIA VULGARIS L.) ETHANOL EXTRACT IN MALE MICE INDUCED BY CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE

 Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the antimutagenic activity of binara herbs (Artemisia vulgaris L.) ethanol extract on male mice.Methods: Binara herbs powder was extracted is used ethanol 96% by maceration, then made into a suspension preparation used 0.5% carboxymethylcellulose with 3 dose variations (100, 200, and 300 mg/kg). Further, the extract was administrated orally in mice for 7 consecutive days. 4 h after the last orally, cyclophosphamide 50 mg/kg IP was injected. 30 h after cyclophosphamide injection, the animals were killed, and the samples of bone marrow were prepared and stained with gems. For each sample, 200 cells of polychromatic erythrocytes (PCE) and the same number of normochromatic erythrocytes (NCE) and the cells containing their micronucleus (MN) were counted using the MN test method in vivo.Results: Cyclophosphamide increased the frequency of MnPCE and decreased cell proliferation (PCE/PCE+NCE). All doses of extracts significantly reduced the frequency of MnPCE (p<0.05). The cell proliferation ratio (PCE/PCE+NCE) was also increased. The most effective dose is 300 mg/kg because it has the greatest ability to decrease the frequency of MnPCE and increase the cell proliferation ratio.Conclusion: Results of this study indicated that binara herbs (A. vulgaris L.) ethanol extract has potent antimutagenic activity

Efek ekstrak air akar pokok gajah beranak(EAGB) terhadap jantung kelinci terpisah

Abstrak Penelitian awal menunjukkan bahwa EAGb mempunyai aktivitas sebagai antiimplantasi, embriotoksik, penggugur pada mencit hamil dan menyebabkan efek teratogenik.Walaupun mekanisme penggugurnya belum diketahui, namun efek ini kemungkinan disebabkan induksi aktivitas embriotoksik(Sumadio, 1991Dzulkifli et al, 1984).Secara umum, efek ekstrak terhadap jantung kelinci terpisah menyebabkan penurunan daya kontraksi, denyut jantung dan tekanan darah perfusi yang signifikan (

The Significance of Troponin and Ck-Mb in Association with Q-Wave Myocardial Infarction

Abstract. Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is the global main cause of morbidity and mortality. AMI describes the process of cell death due to prolonged ischemia identified by the appearance of pathological Q-wave in electrocardiogram (ECG). Myocardial cell death does not occur directly after the onset of myocardial ischemia, however, it occurs more than 6 hours after the onset. Thus, certain cardiac markers, such as cardiac troponin and creatinine kinase-MB (CK-MB) which formed in myocardial cell damage, play a vital role in diagnosing AMI. Keywords: Cardiac Biomarker, CK-MB, Diagnosis, Q-wave Myocardial Infarction, Troponi

Teratogenic Toxicity of Ethanol Extract of Mahkota Dewa Fruit Flesh (Phaleria macrocarpa (Scheff.) Boerl)

Mahkota Dewa is known as one of the medicinal plants in Indonesia. It contains bioactive compounds and potentially has pharmacological activity. This study aimed to determine the possible toxic effects of Mahkota DewaThe ethanol extract of Mahkota Dewa fruit flesh was given to rats. Group I (control 0.5% Na-CMC), groups II, III and IV as a treatment group (Mahkota Dewa at doses of 100, 500 and 1000 mg/kg bw, respectively). Group V as a control satellite (Na-CMC 0, 5%) and group VI as a satellite of the ethanol extract at a dose of 1000 mg/kg bw., Each groups were treated on day 6 to 15 of gestational. On the 19th day getation, the rats were dissected and observed the skeletal malformations. The data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by a post-hoc tukey. The results toxicity showed that no fetuses had external malformations. On fetal skeletal appearance, all skeletal bone preparations were normal. Based on the study, the ethanolic extract of Mahkota Dewa Fruit Flesh did not cause a teratogenic effect on the fetus during the organogenesis period at doses of 100 mg/kg bw, 500 mg/kg bw, and 1000 mg/kg bw

The Farmer’s Personal Hygiene Improvement Through the Use of Hand Soap Gel Extract of Acem Acem Leaf

Pesticide exposure due to poor personal hygiene is very high because farmers generally contact soil, fertilizers, and pesticides which are synthetic chemicals that are harmful to health. The leaves of acem acem are a type of wild plant that is often used by farmers in Tanah Karo as a medium for cleaning hands after applying pesticides. Based on the results of laboratory tests, this leaf has properties as a pesticide cleaner so that it can be used to improve the personal hygiene of farmers. This activity is carried out by empowering the behaviour of washing hands using hand soap gel acem acem leaf extract. Farmers' awareness to improve personal hygiene begins with socialization and training provided as personal hygiene education to improve public health. Education accompanied by the movement of washing hands with hand soap gel acem acem leaf extract has given a positive contribution and appreciation and can increase the enthusiasm of farmers to improve public health

The Role Of hs-CRP In Predicting The Likelihood Of Coronary Heart Disease

Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) is a disorder of the cardiovascular system, characterized by atherosclerotic lesions. Inflammation is a strong predictor for coronary heart disease. High sensitivity C-Reactive Protein (hs-CRP) is an important biomarker, synthesized in the liver, can predict the severity of CHD. If the hs-CRP level is found to be low 3 mg / L, a person has the potential for severe vascular risk. Therefore, hs-CRP can be used as a predictor of primary CHD prevention, especially if the hs-CRP level is still low

The Prevention of Pesticide Risk Toxicity among Farmers on Food Estate Humbang Hasundutan

This PPM activity is one of the community empowerment activities to increase the capacity of farmers, especially increasing safety and health behavior while using pesticides. The prevention program carried out in the form of a community movement to reduce the risk of pesticide toxicity is called GEMPAR (Gerakan Masyarakat Petani Atasi Racun). GEMPAR consists of eight action activities as a farmer movement in reducing the risk of toxicity due to the use of pesticides. GEMPAR in the PPM activity was carried out as a prevention effort which was promoted through FGD activities, demonstrations, and brainstorming. Farmers in the Food Estate are classified as farmers who work with the company so that the pattern of pesticide use is included in the regular category in determining the dose and type of pesticide used. However, the application of pesticides is still classified as very dangerous where direct contact with pesticides is very high. GEMPAR as a health solution responded very well and increased awareness of Food Estate farmers to improve pesticide use patterns. Each farmer acts as an agent of change who can comprehensively expand GEMPAR information through the promotion of the message of the eight GEMPAR actions which are divided into primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention actions

Prevention of Pesticide Toxicity Risk through the Farmer Community Movement to Resolve Toxicity

Pesticide toxicity is a phenomenon that needs to be prevented, which is generally caused by the risky behavior of using pesticides. This PPM activity is one of the community empowerment activities to reduce the risk of pesticide toxicity through the GEMPAR (Gerakan Masyarakat Petani Atasi Racun) action. GEMPAR consists of eight farmer movements to prevent the risk of toxicity due to pesticides used. The eight GEMPAR actions were applied by farmers with promotional and educational methods through the GEMPAR demonstration activities. The demonstration implementation method is presented by the farming community which is divided into three areas in Sumber Mufakat Village, namely Berhala, Simpang Sumbul, and Pasar Sumbul. Demonstrations from these three areas were contested as a form of appreciation for the community so that they could motivate the community to participate in preventing the risk of pesticide toxicity. The demonstration that displayed the messages of the eight GEMPAR movements was carried out well. Each demonstration gives special characteristics either through songs or slogans related to preventing the risk of toxicity. The community became very enthusiastic about the demonstration which could increase the participation of the farming community to use better and healthier pesticides sustainably

MONITORING OF EFFECTIVENESS OF SPIRONOLACTONE THERAPY AND ITS COMBINATIONS WITH FUROSEMIDE TO LIVER CIRRHOSIS AND ASCITES IN RSUP H. ADAM MALIK MEDAN

Objectives: Spironolactone and furosemide are diuretics used to treat liver cirrhosis with ascites, but not case studies have been found to distinguish the effects of spironolactone and its combination with furosemide in cases of cirrhosis accompanied by ascites. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of spironolactone therapy and its combination with furosemide to liver cirrhosis patients accompanied ascites.Methods: This research was done by cross-sectional prospective method. 26 patients in RSUP H Adam Malik Medan for 3 months were divided into two groups. The first group of nine patients, age between 39 and 65 years, was given spironolactone. The second group of 17 patients, age between 20 and 81 years, was given spironolactone combined with furosemide. The sample data were analyzed with statistics using Mann–Whitney U-test, SPSS program version 22.Result: Based on Mann–Whitney U statistic test, the value of Asymp. significance (2-tailed) 0.435 for urine Na/K at time, and Asymp. significance value (2-tailed) 0.628 24 h urine sodium examination, based on the value, it was concluded that there was no significant difference between spironolactone with its combination with furosemide. Even though the significant value were 0.628 mEq and 0.435 mEq (p>0.05).Conclusion: This study showed that the combination of spironolactone with furosemide was better than compared to spironolactone. Although there was not statistically significant difference if seen from the comparison of 24 h of urine sodium value with a normal value of 78 mEq

IDENTIFICATION GENE MUTATIONS RPOB CAUSE OF MULTIDRUG RESISTANCE TUBERCULOSIS IN HAJI ADAM MALIK HOSPITAL

Objective: The study aimed to investigate gene mutations in Mycobacterium tuberculosis causing resistance to rifampicin (RIF) in multidrug resistance TB patients in Haji Adam Malik Hospital and determined the suitability of the general pattern of mutations that occur in patients with multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) in the hospital with global mutation pattern.Methods: This observational study was performed prospectively in 31 patients with MDR-TB who had data medical record results of GeneXpert MTB/ RIF positive for resistant to RIF period August–November 2016 in the hospital by taking sputum from patients. DNA extracted from sputum and then purified to be detected using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). PCR products were examined by electrophoresis.Results: The highest percentage of 81 bp rpoB gene mutation MTB is called as RIF -resistance determining region which was located at codon 516 (100%) and then was followed by mutation at codon 531 (96.77%) and codon 526 (90.32%), respectively, while the smallest percentage of mutation (12.90%) MTB at codon was 533.Conclusion: The rpoB gene shows a positive mutation-causing resistance to RIF