Two new species of Exobasidium causing Exobasidium diseases on Vaccinium spp. in Japan

Abstract Two new Exobasidium species on Vaccinium spp. in Japan are described and discussed. Exobasidium kishianum, which causes Exobasidium leaf blight on I/. hirtum var. pubescens and V. smallii, is characterized by its ellipsoid to ovoid basidiospores with (0-)1-3 septa. Its systemic infection is also observed. Exobasidium inconspicuum, cansing Exobasidium leaf blister on V. hirtum vat. pubescens, is characterized by its obovoid or ellipsoid to oval basidiospores with 0-4 septa. Mode of germination of the basidiospores is by germ tube in both species

On-line Identification of Electro-Conductivity in Electrolytic Solutions

An on-line method is proposed to identify electro-conductivity in electrolytic solutions. The method uses a model of a cell of electrolytic solutions in a micro reactor modeled by an electronic circuit. The circuit consists of a cell part with a resister and a capacitor connected in series and a measurement part having a resister. Then the resistance and the capacitance of the cell part are identified to calculate the electro-conductivity. The identification scheme is the least-square method with a forgetting factor calculated on-line. To avoid the effect of differentiation of measured signals, a filter is added to the identification method. The effectiveness of the proposed control scheme is shown by numerical simulation.</p

Air Traffic Efficiency Analysis of Airliner Scheduled Flights Using Collaborative Actions for Renovation of Air Traffic Systems Open Data

The increase in air traffic worldwide requires improvement of flight operational efficiency. This study aims to reveal the potential benefits, namely, savings on fuel consumption and flight time, which are expected for Japanese airspace, by statistically evaluating the operational efficiency defined by average differences of fuel consumption, flight time, and flight distance between the original and the optimized flight of domestic flights in Japan. The aircraft position and time data used in this study were obtained from Collaborative Actions for Renovation of Air Traffic Systems Open Data—the radar data released by the Japan Civil Aviation Bureau. Flight information, such as air data and fuel flow, is estimated by applying meteorological data and aircraft performance model to the position information of radar data. Each reconstructed trajectory is optimized in terms of flight fuel consumption and flight time with an assumed cost index (CI). Dynamic programming is used as the trajectory optimization method. The flight fuel consumption and flight time of the optimized flight are compared with the original values to evaluate the operational efficiency. Herein, approximately one-third of 1-day data, i.e., 1087 cases of four aircraft types, are analyzed with reasonable CI settings. Our research findings suggest that flight fuel consumption and flight distance can be saved by 312 kg and 19.7 km, respectively, on average for the object flights. Following a statistical comparison between the original and the optimized flights, it was observed that two types of features, namely, flying on a detoured path and flying with nonoptimal altitude and speed in the cruise phase, are major factors which deteriorate the total operational efficiency in terms of fuel consumption, flight time, and flight distance. Document type: Articl

Desymmetrization of acid anhydride with asymmetric esterification catalyzed by chiral phosphoric acid

Asymmetric desymmetrization of σ-symmetric acid anhydrides was achieved with chiral phosphoric acid as a Brønsted acid catalyst. The key of success was finding of benzhydrol and 2,2-diphenylethanol as the nucleophiles of choice. The corresponding half esters were obtained in good yields with high selectivity

Encyclopedia of Family A DNA Polymerases Localized in Organelles: Evolutionary Contribution of Bacteria Including the Proto-Mitochondrion

原始的ミトコンドリアDNA複製酵素の発見. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2024-02-22.DNA polymerases synthesize DNA from deoxyribonucleotides in a semiconservative manner and serve as the core of DNA replication and repair machinery. In eukaryotic cells, there are 2 genome-containing organelles, mitochondria, and plastids, which were derived from an alphaproteobacterium and a cyanobacterium, respectively. Except for rare cases of genome-lacking mitochondria and plastids, both organelles must be served by nucleus-encoded DNA polymerases that localize and work in them to maintain their genomes. The evolution of organellar DNA polymerases has yet to be fully understood because of 2 unsettled issues. First, the diversity of organellar DNA polymerases has not been elucidated in the full spectrum of eukaryotes. Second, it is unclear when the DNA polymerases that were used originally in the endosymbiotic bacteria giving rise to mitochondria and plastids were discarded, as the organellar DNA polymerases known to date show no phylogenetic affinity to those of the extant alphaproteobacteria or cyanobacteria. In this study, we identified from diverse eukaryotes 134 family A DNA polymerase sequences, which were classified into 10 novel types, and explored their evolutionary origins. The subcellular localizations of selected DNA polymerases were further examined experimentally. The results presented here suggest that the diversity of organellar DNA polymerases has been shaped by multiple transfers of the PolI gene from phylogenetically broad bacteria, and their occurrence in eukaryotes was additionally impacted by secondary plastid endosymbioses. Finally, we propose that the last eukaryotic common ancestor may have possessed 2 mitochondrial DNA polymerases, POP, and a candidate of the direct descendant of the proto-mitochondrial DNA polymerase I, rdxPolA, identified in this study

Integration of Movement Pieces into Dance : from a consideration on the use of video feedback in improving dance proficiency

In this study, the process of how students with comparatively less experience improve dance proficiency through video feedback was examined. The use of video feedback was proved effective in integrating each "movement piece" into "dance movement." In incorporating her version of the image, in other words world, into dance; subjective and positive inquisitiveness was found to be essential. Furthermore, as the student positively engaged herself in practicing dance, she spontaneously inserted "ma" (movement void) and "tame" (controlled timing) which are considered to add to cadence in the flow of movements, as well as to enable the audience to perceive "more than movements can tell."竹内洋学部長退官記念

Catalytic Chiral Leaving Group Strategy for Asymmetric Substitutions at sp3-Hybridized Carbon Atoms : Kinetic Resolution of β-Amino Alcohols by p-Methoxybenzylation

We developed a catalytic strategy for asymmetric substitution reactions at sp3-hybridized carbon atoms using a chiral alkylating agent generated in situ from trichloroacetimidate and a chiral phosphoric acid. The resulting chiral p-methoxybenzyl phosphate selectively reacted with β-amino alcohols rather than those without the β-NH functionality. An electronically and sterically tuned chiral phosphoric acid was developed to enable the kinetic resolution of amino alcohols, with good enantioselectivity, through p-methoxybenzylation