Identification, Molecular Detection and Antibiogram Profile of Bacteria Isolated from California Mastitis Test Positive Milk Samples of Crossbred Cows of Satkhira District in Bangladesh

Present study was conducted for the isolation, identification, molecular detection and antibiotic sensitivity patterns of the bacteria present in the California Mastitis Test (CMT) positive milk samples of clinical and sub-clinical mastitic crossbred (Friesian cross and Sahiwal cross) cows of Satkhira district. A total number of 598 quarters milk samples from 150 cows were tested by CMT kit, among them 82 quarters from 52 cows were positive for CMT. The bacteria isolated from 52 CMT positive milk samples were coagulase positive Staphylococcus aureus 27 (49.09%) followed by Escherichia coli 15 (27.27%), coagulase negative Staphylococcus (CNS) spp. 10 (18.18%) and Bacillus spp. 3 (5.45%) respectively. In this present study only 13 (48.15%) positive Staphylococcus aureus were positive against nuc gene by PCR. All the isolates of E.coli were further confirmed by PCR with species specific 16srRNA PCR. None of the isolates of E.coli revealed positivity in PCR by stx1 and stx2 genes. All the coagulase positive Staphylococcus aureus isolates were found sensitive to 6 antibiotics and resistant to 5 antibiotics. The Coagulase negative Staphylococcus spp. was also sensitive to 7 antibiotics and acquired resistant properties against 3 antibiotics. Most E.coli isolates were found resistant against 9 antibiotics already possessed multidrug resistant properties and sensitive to only 3 antibiotics. Bacillus spp. isolated from milk samples was highly sensitive against 5 antibiotics compare to other antibiotics of the panel. Antibiogram profile of this study revealed that, all the isolated bacteria were sensitive to Ciprofloxacin only

In vitro free radical scavenging and thrombolytic activities of Bangladeshi aquatic plant Aponogeton undulatus Roxb

This article was published in Global Journal of Pharmacology [© IDOSI Publications, 2011] and the definite version is available at: https://idosi.org/gjp/5(1)11/6.pdfInvestigation with the crude methanolic extract of Aponogeton undulatus was carried out to evaluate its possible antioxidant and thrombolysis activity. In DPPH free radical scavenging assay, the extract exhibited potent antioxidant activity with a IC50 values of 2.43±1.06 μg/ml while in ascorbic acid, the value become 50 2.14±0.11 μg/ml. In thrombolytic activity using in vitro clot lysis assay method, the crude methanolic extract was found to have significant (p<0.001) thrombolytic activity at a dose of 10 mg/ml with a miximum effect of 20.23±1.56% while the standard streptokinase showed 46.13±3.87%. The extract was also investigated for its antibacterial and toxic potentiality using agar diffusion and Brine Shrimp lethality bioassay, respectively. The highest antibacterial effect was shown against Bacillus cereus (zone of inhibition 12±0.65 mm) followed by Escherichia coli (zone of inhibition 10±0.71 mm). In this bioassay the extract showed significant toxicity to Brine Shrimp nauplii with the LC50 value of 2.24±0.98 μg/ml. The study clearly indicated that the extract 50 possesses good antioxidant and thromolytic activity along with broad spectrum antibacterial and toxic potentiality.Publishe

Antidiarrheal, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of the Musa sapientum Seed

Abstract Musa sapientum (M.sapientum) commonly known as &apos;banana&apos; is widely used in Bangladeshi folk medicine for the treatment of various ailments including diarrhea. Hence, the present study was designed to investigate antidiarrheal, antioxidant and antibacterial potential of the methanolic extract of M.sapientum seed (MMSS). The extract was studied for antidiarrheal property using castor oil and magnesium sulfate induced diarrheal model and charcoal induced gastrointestinal motility test in mice. Total phenolic and flavonoids content, total antioxidant activity, scavenging of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical, as well as nitric oxide (NO) and assessment of reducing power were used to evaluate antioxidant potential of MMSS. In addition, disc diffusion methods were used for antibacterial assay using various diarrheal induced bacterial strains. At the doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight, the extract reduced the frequency and severity of diarrhea in test animals throughout the study period. At the same doses, the extracts significantly (p&lt;0.001) delayed the intestinal transit of charcoal meal in test animals as compared to the control. In DPPH and NO scavenging method, MMSS showed good antioxidant potentiality in a dose dependent manner with the IC 50 value of 12.32±0.33 μg/ml and 18.96±1.01 μg/ml, respectively with a significant (p&lt;0.001) good reducing power. The extract also displayed strong antibacterial effect against when tested against Escherichia coli, Shigella dysenteriae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Altogether, these results suggest that the MMSS could be used as a potential antidiarrheal agent along with its antioxidant and antibacterial potentiality

Developing a New Inoculation Method, and Evaluating the Potential Biological Control of Rhizoctonia solani by Penicillium pinophilum on Sugar Beet

Rhizoctonia solani causes damping-off, and root and crown rot of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) and overwinters as sclerotia and mycelia. Research was conducted to determine how best to produce large quantities of sclerotia and mycelia in vitro, and compare their pathogenicity with traditionally used colonized barley grains to sugar beet in vitro and in vivo. The greatest number of sclerotia was produced on amended clarified V8 medium and sclerotia caused more disease compared to barley inoculum in the greenhouse. The bio-control potential of Penicillium pinophilum on R. solani AG2-2 on sugar beet was evaluated in vitro and in vivo. Results showed that the presence of P.pinophilum with R.solani reduced damping-off by 75% and thus have the potential to be developed as a bio-control agent for this pathogen

Social dynamics of short term variability in key measures of household and community wellbeing in Bangladesh

High-frequency social data collection may facilitate improved recall, more inclusive reporting, and improved capture of intra-period variability. Although there are examples of small studies collecting particular variables at high frequency in the social science literature, to date there have been no significant efforts to collect a wide range of variables with high frequency. We have implemented the first such effort with a smartphone-based data collection approach, systematically varying the frequency of survey task and recall period, allowing the analysis of the relative merit of high-frequency data collection for different key variables in household surveys. This study of 480 farmers from northwestern Bangladesh over approximately one year of continuous data on key measures of household and community wellbeing could be particularly useful for the design and evaluation of development interventions and policies. While the data discussed here provide a snapshot of what is possible, we also highlight their strength for providing opportunities for interdisciplinary research in the household agricultural production, practices, seasonal hunger, etc., in a low-income agrarian society.PRIFPRI3; ISI; CSISA; CRP2; 1 Fostering Climate-Resilient and Sustainable Food Supply; Capacity StrengtheningEPTD; PIMCGIAR Research Program on Policies, Institutions, and Markets (PIM

Analysing pro-poor innovation acceptance by income segments

Purpose To enhance the understanding of the moderating influence of different bottom of the pyramid (BOP) income segments on the antecedents of pro-poor innovation acceptance. Design/methodology/approach In this study, 320 BOP consumers with a range of low-to-moderate literacy and low-income levels were used as a convenience non-probability sample for undertaking quantitative analyses. Findings Only the influence of perceived usefulness on intention is moderated by income segments, such that the effect will be stronger for low-income BOP segment. Moreover, the influences of relative advantage, compatibility and observability on intention are moderated by income segments. Practical implications This empirical work has considerable private sector and public policy implications for companies and government designing/selling products for millions of poor people in developing and emerging economies. Originality/value This study contributes originally to knowledge in the subject area as there are very few studies that clearly and systematically analyse the key antecedents influencing the adoption intention of pro-poor technological innovations in the BOP market

Nexus Between Financial System and Economic Growth: Evidence from Bangladesh

Financial system and economic growth/development is a critical and multifaceted topic that holds significant importance in the context of a country's economic landscape. Over the 21st century, the relationship between economic growth/development and financial system has been the subject of increasing attention. The objective of this study is to assessing the role of Financial Institutions i.e., Islami bank and Conventional bank with real GDP growth and also to analyzing Financial Inclusion. We used the time series data of banks from the period 2018 to 2022.We also used secondary data for this paper. Our analysis found that Islami Banks shows higher contribution over the economic development then the Conventional Banks in Bangladesh. But there are more to go. Our recommendation is that making financial system more accessible through adopting new technologies can accelerate economic growth/development in Bangladesh

Real-Time Social Data Collection in Rural Bangladesh via a 'Microtasks for Micropayments' Platform on Android Smartphones.

The advent of cheap smartphones in rural areas across the globe presents an opportunity to change the mode with which researchers engage hard-to-reach populations. In particular, smartphones allow researchers to connect with respondents more frequently than standard household surveys, opening a new window into important short-term variability in key measures of household and community wellbeing. In this paper, we present early results from a pilot study in rural Bangladesh using a 'microtasks for micropayments' model to collect a range of community and household living standards data using Android smartphones. We find that more frequent task repetition with shorter recall periods leads to more inclusive reporting, improved capture of intra-seasonal variability, and earlier signals of events such as illness. Payments in the form of mobile talk time and data provide a positive development externality in the form of expanded access to mobile internet and social networks. Taken to scale, programs such as this have potential to transform data collection in rural areas, providing near-real-time windows into the development of markets, the spread of illnesses, or the diffusion of ideas and innovations

Chowdhury et al., 2009 Stamford Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Infrared spectroscopic characterization, free radical scavenging and cytotoxic evaluation of chitosan extracted from Penaeus monodon shell