Pandangan masyarakat terhadap Ikhbar Pondok Pesantren Miftahul Huda tentang awal bulan Hijriyah: Studi Di Kelurahan Gadingkasri Kecamatan Klojen Kota Malang

ABSTRAK Meskipun dalam sidang itsbat, pemerintah telah memutuskan jatuhnya 1 Syawal, akan tetapi masih ada sebagian masyarakat melaksanakan hari raya pada hari yang berbeda dengan keputusan tersebut. Keadaaan demikian juga tejadi pada masyarakat kelurahan Gadingkasri kecamatan Klojen Kota malang yang dalam menjalankan ritual ibadah yang berkaitan dengan bulan hijriyah selalu menginduk pada ikhbar dari pondok pesantren Miftahul Huda. Oleh sebab itu hal yang perlu diungkap lebih dalam adalah bagaimana proses pondok pesantren Miftahul Huda dalam ikhbar awal bulan hijriyah kepada masyarakat dan bagaimana pandangan masyarakat terhadap ikhbar awal bulan hijriyah oleh pondok pesanren Miftahul Huda. Penelitian ini termasuk jenis penelitian empiris dengan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif. Data yang dikumpulkan berupa data primer melalui wawancara dan data sekunder yang dilakukan dengan teknik dokumentasi dan data lapangan yang tersedia. Metode pengumpulan data berupa metode, metode wawancara dengan metode sapling meliputi tiga unsur utama masyarakat, dan dokumentasi. Serta teknik pengelolaan data berupa editing, klasifikasi, verifikasi, Analisis, dan kesimpulan. Informasi tentang awal bulan hijriyah ini sampai pada masyarakat melalui media kalender dan lisan jika ada yang bertanya. Hal ini karena pondok pesantren berusaha konsisten terhadap apa yang disampaikan kepada para santri pada saat belajar-mengajar sekaligus juga melestarikan ilmu falak agar tidak punah. Masyarakat yang tinggal di Kelurahan Gadingkasri tidak ada yang menolak ikhbar awal bulan hijriyah oleh pondok pesantren Miftahul Huda Gading Malang sebab disampaikan dengan cara yang santun, hanya saja ada yang tidak mengikuti, yaitu sebagian warga yang berafiliasi pada Muhammadiyah. ABSTRACT Although the trial ithbat, the government has decided to fall 1 Syawal, but still there are some people carry feast on different days with the decision. It invites a reaction from many quarters because it considered not in line with the hadith of Rasulullah SAW,In Indonesia, whose population is mostly Muslim often look different in determining the beginning of hijrah, especially Ramadan, Shawwal and Dhu al-Hijjah This research includes empirical research with qualitative descriptive approach. Data collected in the form of primary data through interviews and secondary data was performed using documentation and field data is available. Methods of data collection in the form of a method, the method of interview with sampling method includes three main elements of society, and documentation. As well as data management techniques such as editing, classification, verification, analysis, and conclusions. Information about the early months of this hijriyah to the public through the media calendar and verbal if anyone asks, in addition to the role of alumni who are scattered in the regions also participated in the beginning of the month ikhbar hijriyah by boarding Miftahul Huda .. This is because the boarding school trying to be consistent against what is presented to the students during the teaching and learning as well as preserving the astronomical extinction. مستخلص البحث على الرغم من أن إثبات المحاكمة، قررت الحكومة أن ينخفض فراق، ولكن لا يزال هناك بعض الناس تحمل العيد في أيام مختلفة مع هذا القرار. وتدعو رد فعل من جهات عديدة لأنه يعتبر لا يتماشى مع حديث رسول الله،في إندونيسيا، التي هي في معظمها مسلم السكان في كثير من الأحيان تبدو مختلفة في تحديد بداية الهجرة، وخاصة شهر رمضان، شوال وذي الحجة. يتضمن هذا البحث من البحوث التجريبية مع المنهج الوصفي النوعي. تم تنفيذ البيانات التي تم جمعها في شكل بيانات الأولية من خلال المقابلات والبيانات الثانوية باستخدام الوثائق والبيانات الميدانية المتاحة. طرق جمع البيانات في شكل الأسلوب، أسلوب مقابلة مع طريقة نصبة يشمل ثلاثة عناصر رئيسية في المجتمع، والوثائق. فضلا عن تقنيات إدارة البيانات مثل التحرير، والتصنيف، والتحقق منها وتحليلها، والاستنتاجات. شارك معلومات حول الأشهر الأولى من هذا للجمهور من خلال تقويم وسائل الاعلام واللفظية إذا كان أي شخص يسأل، بالإضافة إلى دور الخريجين الذين المنتشرة في مناطق أيضا في بداية الشهر من الصعود ميفتاول هدى .. وذلك لأن مدرسة داخلية تحاول أن تكون متسقة ضد ما يقدم للطلاب خلال التعليم والتعلم، وكذلك الحفاظ على الانقراض الفلكية. الناس الذين يعيشون في قرية i ليس هناك من ينكر في وقت مبكر من الصعود فقط العاج هدى مالانج التي لم تكن هناك تلت ذلك، أن بعض السكان كانوا ينتمون إلى منظمة المحمدية. العمل من قبل الجمهور العام اتخذت في بدء الطقوس المعنية وبناء على مدرسة داخلية هو جزء من تصنيف التقليد لأن ما فعلوه دون معرفة من أين جاءت الفكرة من، في حين أن مجموعة من قادة المجتمع المحلي بما في ذلك فئ

EVALUATION OF OIL BASED AVIAN INFLUENZA VACCINE (H5NI) PREPARED WITH DIFFERENT CONCENTRATIONS OF ADJUVANT

Bird flu vaccine from H5N1 strain of avian influenza virus was prepared with two concentrations of adjuvant (Montanide ISA 70MVG). Two vaccines (I and II) were prepared containing 50 and 60% Montanide, respectively. Immune response of both the vaccines as single, as well as booster, dose was evaluated in layer birds through haemagglutination inhibition test. Single dose of both vaccines showed poor immune response, while booster dose gave better response with both the vaccines. However, the vaccine prepared with 60% Montanide provided better immune response compared with the vaccine containing 50% montanide

Evaluation of gut modulatory and bronchodilator activities of Amaranthus spinosus Linn.

Background The aqueous-methanolic extract of Amaranthus spinosus (A. spinosus Linn.,) whole plant, was studied for its laxative, spasmolytic and bronchodilator activities to validate some of its medicinal uses. Methods The crude extract of A. spinosus was studied in-vivo for bronchodilator and laxative activities and in-vitro using isolated tissue preparations which were mounted in tissue baths assembly containing physiological salt solutions, maintained at 37°C and aerated with carbogen, to assess the spasmolytic effect and to find out the possible underlying mechanisms. Results In the in-vivo experiments in mice, the administration of A. spinosus increased fecal output at doses of 100 and 300 mg/kg showing laxative activity. It also inhibited carbachol-induced bronchospasm in anesthetized rats at 1, 3, 10 and 30 mg/kg indicative of bronchodilator activity. When tested on isolated gut preparations, the plant extract showed a concentration-dependent (0.01-10.0 mg/ml) spasmogenic effect in spontaneously contracting rabbit jejunum and guinea-pig ileum. The spasmogenic effect was partially blocked in tissues pretreated with atropine (0.1 μM). When tested on K+ (80 mM)-induced sustained contractions in isolated rabbit jejunum, the plant extract caused complete relaxation and also produced a shift in the Ca++ concentration-response curves (CRCs) towards right, similar to diltiazem. In rabbit trachea, the plant extract completely inhibited K+ (80 mM) and carbachol (CCh, 1 μM)-induced contractions at 1 mg/ml but pretreatment of tissue with propranolol (1 μM), caused around 10 fold shift in the inhibitory CRCs of the plant extract constructed against CCh-induced contraction. The plant extract (up to 0.3 mg/ml) also increased both force and rate of spontaneous contractions of isolated guinea-pig atria, followed by relaxation at higher concentration (1.0-5.0 mg/ml). The cardio-stimulant effect was abolished in the presence of propranolol, similar to that of isoprenaline. Activity-directed fractionation revealed that the spasmolytic component(s) was separated in the organic fraction, whereas the spasmogenic component was concentrated in the aqueous fraction. Conclusion These results indicate that A. spinosus possesses laxative activity partially mediated through cholinergic action. The spasmolytic effect was mediated through calcium channel blocking (CCB), while bronchodilator activity through a combination of β-adrenergic and CCB pathways, which may explain the traditional uses of A. spinosus in gut and airways disorders

Physical and chemical changes in porcine gastric mucus in the normal and ulcerated status

It has been reported that there is a 100% incidence of ulceration of the squamous pars oesophagea of the pig's stomach following bile duct ligation. The reproducibility of this model has made possible its use in the investigation of the biochemical aspects of mucus secretion in both the normal state and at various states of ulceration. The main findings are summarised below: Mucus scrapings of the cardiac gland region of the pig stomach had a higher water and total protein content in the pre-ulcerated, ulcerated and post-ulcerated states. Gel chromatography on Sepharose CL-4B indicated larger amounts of degraded mucins relative to native mucins in the samples obtained from pre-ulcerated, ulcerated and post-ulcerated stomachs, as compared with the normal and control samples. The amounts of purified mucins obtained after isopycnic centrifugation in CsCl and gel chromatography on Sepharose CL-2B decreased from the normals and controls to the bile duct-ligated pigs. An analysis on SDS-PAGE revealed a considerable degree of proteolytic degradation of the pig gastric mucins in the bile duct-ligated pigs as compared with the normal and control animals. Staining reagents specific for both the protein and the carbohydrate components of the mucus glycoprotein were employed in gel electrophoresis, which also revealed the presence of contaminating protein, viz. haemoglobin, pepsin, albumin and smaller glycoproteins, to a greater extent in the ulcerated than in the normal and control states. Since pig gastric mucins contain 75% of carbohydrate, the determination of the proportions of monosaccharide constituents was essential. This was performed by GLC analysis of the alditol acetate derivatives of the sugars, which were characterised by mass spectrometry as well as by their retention times, relative to standards, on both packed and capillary columns. The most striking changes indicated by the GLC analyses were a decrease in the fucose content of the mucins from the normal to the ulcerated states and an increase in the proportion of N-acetylglucosamine in mucins from sham-operated animals. The control (sham-operated) pig behaved very similarly to the normal pig for up to 24 hours after the surgical procedure. At 48 hours, however, slight changes resembling those following bile duct ligation occurred. This could be due to the trauma of the sham-operation, which involved the surgical insertion of a cannula in the body region of the pig's stomach. It is possible that, under such stress biosynthesis of the mucins may be affected

The faith movement of Mawlana Muhammad Ilyasa

This is a historical study of a modern religious movement among Muslims in India, which originated in 1927 in Mewat (an area south of Delhi) and has now become almost international.180 p.; 21 c