Article III, Section 32 of the Pennsylvania Constitution Requires the General Assembly to Draft Laws that Promote a Legitimate State Interest or Public Value, and Any Classification Must Be Reasonably Related to Accomplishing that Articulated State Interest or Public Value: \u3cem\u3ePennsylvania Turnpike Commission v. Commonwealth\u3c/em\u3e

The Pennsylvania Supreme Court found the First- Level Supervisor Collective Bargaining Act unconstitutional for violating the ban on special laws regulating labor in article III, section 32 of the Pennsylvania Constitution. Pa. Tpk. Comm\u27n v. Commonwealth, 899 A.2d 1085 (Pa. 2006)

A Hollow Cross

The construction of forms (crossword puzzles in geometric shapes) was a popular pastime among puzzlers in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries; scores of examples are given in A Key to Puzzledom (New York: William W. Delane), published in 1906. More recently, the late Palmer Peterson of Lennox, South Dakota, exhibited a Hollow Diamond in the May 1971 Word Ways

Quantitative assessment of diffuse rock fall hazard along a cliff foot

International audienceMany works have shown that the relation between rock fall frequency and volume is well fitted by a power law. Based on this relation, a new method is presented which allows estimating the fall frequency and probability for a wall section in a homogenous cliff, considering all possible rock fall volumes. The hazard for an element located at the foot of the cliff, with a minimal energy, is also estimated. The method has been applied to an itinerary, for which the human risk has also been estimated. Rock fall inventories featuring the location, date, and volume of the falls and the dimensions of the fallen compartments (width, length, and thickness) are needed for better estimating of hazard and risk

Gestion de l'incertitude et de l'ignorance, dans l'évaluation de la probabilité de déclenchement des éboulements rocheux

National audienceThe general methodology for landslide risk management can be applied to rock falls. The uncertainties which affect the failure hazard characterization are described. They explain that the rupture probability is usually estimated in a qualitative way. New approaches are proposed for a quantitative evaluation of rock fall hazard. For a diffuse hazard, failure frequency and impact frequency downslope can be quantified. The failure probability for localized hazards is difficult to estimate. Coupling the classical qualitative geomechanical approach with the frequency based historical approach allows to verify the plausibility of previsions. A quantitative geomechanical approach can be envisaged in some cases where the internal structure of the rock wall is sufficiently known, but it must be associated with an historical one

Description in the novels of Henry Bordeaux

Thesis (M.A.)--Boston Universit

A contribution to the evaluation of the life time of a potentially unstable rock compartment

8 pages; Figure captions in EnglishInternational audienceA new method for rock fall back-analysis is proposed, which takes into account, in a probabilistic way, the seismic accelerations underwent by the rock compartments since they have been exposed at the cliff surface. The minimal underwent acceleration depends on the exposure time of the compartment, which can be estimated from an erosion model. Two models are proposed to explain the decrease of the stability with time, and they are applied to three failures occurred in limestone cliffs. The first one involves the limestone dissolution and the second one the unstable crack propagation. These models, which have been fitted with real cases, make it possible to estimate the life expectancy of potentially unstable rock compartments