Evolution of interfacial dislocation network during anisothermal high-temperature creep of a nickel-based superalloy

The effect of thermal cycling creep on the dislocation networks at the γ/γ′ interfaces in the MC2 superalloy is investigated. Tensile creep tests were performed under thermal cycling and isothermal conditions at low stress (80 MPa) and high temperature (1150 °C). In these conditions γ′ rafts may dissolve and reprecipitate during thermal cycling creep. The difference between the effects of isothermal and thermal cycling conditions on the γ/γ′ interface dislocation networks, characterized by transmission electron microscopy, is exposed, as well as their evolution during the cycle

Effects of alloying elements on the tempering behaviour of a low alloyed steel

L’objectif de ce travail est d’optimiser la résistance au revenu d’un acier martensitique à 0,6% de carbone, faiblement allié en Cr, V, et Si/Al. Une série d’alliage modèle ternaire de haute pureté (Fe-C-X, X=Cr, V, Si, Al) a été élaborée à l’EMSE par fusion en creuset froid.. L’étude du comportement des alliages a été réalisée au moyen d’une caractérisation fine de la précipitation (Diffraction RX, MEB-FEG, MET) complétée par des mesures dilatométriques. Le comportement des alliages modèles a été comparé à celui de l’alliage industriel. Le vanadium est responsable de deux effets : (i) les carbures de vanadium bloquent la croissance des grains au cours de l’austénitisation ; (ii) le vanadium dissous permet la précipitation d’une cémentite (V,Cr,Fe)3C à l’origine d’un pic de durcissement secondaire pour un revenu vers 550°C. Le silicium a un effet particulier : il stabilise la matrice martensitique et retarde la précipitation de la cémentite vers des températures de revenu plus élevées, augmentant ainsi la résistance au revenu. Cependant, le silicium se révèle nocif pour le procédé industriel de mise en forme utilisé. Deux nouveaux alliages ont alors été élaborés pour chercher un élément de substitution à l’aluminium : un alliage ou le silicium est remplacé par l’aluminium, et un alliage ou le silicium est absent. L’aluminium reste neutre dans l’alliage mais l’étude de ces deux nuances a permis de mettre en évidence la possibilité d’utiliser une nuance ne contenant pas de silicium mais présentant une résistance au revenu comparable a celle de la nuance industrielle, du fait de la présence conjointe du chrome et du vanadium.The purpose of this work is to optimise the strength of a tempered martensitic medium C steel, containing low-level of Cr, V and Si/Al. A series of high purity "model" ternary alloys (Fe-C–X, X=Cr, V, Si, Al) was prepared (EMSE) by the cold crucible method. The initial structures of quenched alloys were optimised through appropriate austenitizing conditions. Analysis of alloys behaviour on tempering was performed through carbide precipitation characterisation (X-ray diffraction, SEM and TEM), completed by hardness and dilatometric measurements. The behaviour of "model" alloys was compared to that of the industrial material.Vanadium addition is responsible for two effects: (i) vanadium carbides lock the grain growth during the austenitizing; (ii) dissolved vanadium promotes the precipitation of (V,Cr)3C, that is at the origin of a secondary hardening peak near 550°C. Silicon addition has an interesting effect, as it stabilises the martensitic matrix and increases the temperature of cementite precipitation. Therefore, a high value of hardness is conserved up to high tempering temperatures.Unfortunately, because of some noxious properties, the industrial process in concern excludes the presence of Si. That’s why two new model alloys have been prepared and tested, in which the silicon addition (i) was absent, or (ii) replaced by Al.Aluminium has been shown to be "neuter" vs tempering behaviour. Moreover, the interesting effect of secondary hardening (550°C) has been observed in both Si-free steels, showing that alloying with only Cr and V can be enough to get the expected behaviour of the studied steel

Influence d’éléments d’addition sur les transformations de la martensite revenue dans les aciers faiblement alliés

The purpose of this work is to optimise the strength of a tempered martensitic medium C steel, containing low-level of Cr, V and Si/Al. A series of high purity "model" ternary alloys (Fe-C–X, X=Cr, V, Si, Al) was prepared (EMSE) by the cold crucible method. The initial structures of quenched alloys were optimised through appropriate austenitizing conditions. Analysis of alloys behaviour on tempering was performed through carbide precipitation characterisation (X-ray diffraction, SEM and TEM), completed by hardness and dilatometric measurements. The behaviour of "model" alloys was compared to that of the industrial material.Vanadium addition is responsible for two effects: (i) vanadium carbides lock the grain growth during the austenitizing; (ii) dissolved vanadium promotes the precipitation of (V,Cr)3C, that is at the origin of a secondary hardening peak near 550°C. Silicon addition has an interesting effect, as it stabilises the martensitic matrix and increases the temperature of cementite precipitation. Therefore, a high value of hardness is conserved up to high tempering temperatures.Unfortunately, because of some noxious properties, the industrial process in concern excludes the presence of Si. That’s why two new model alloys have been prepared and tested, in which the silicon addition (i) was absent, or (ii) replaced by Al.Aluminium has been shown to be "neuter" vs tempering behaviour. Moreover, the interesting effect of secondary hardening (550°C) has been observed in both Si-free steels, showing that alloying with only Cr and V can be enough to get the expected behaviour of the studied steel.L’objectif de ce travail est d’optimiser la résistance au revenu d’un acier martensitique à 0,6% de carbone, faiblement allié en Cr, V, et Si/Al. Une série d’alliage modèle ternaire de haute pureté (Fe-C-X, X=Cr, V, Si, Al) a été élaborée à l’EMSE par fusion en creuset froid.. L’étude du comportement des alliages a été réalisée au moyen d’une caractérisation fine de la précipitation (Diffraction RX, MEB-FEG, MET) complétée par des mesures dilatométriques. Le comportement des alliages modèles a été comparé à celui de l’alliage industriel. Le vanadium est responsable de deux effets : (i) les carbures de vanadium bloquent la croissance des grains au cours de l’austénitisation ; (ii) le vanadium dissous permet la précipitation d’une cémentite (V,Cr,Fe)3C à l’origine d’un pic de durcissement secondaire pour un revenu vers 550°C. Le silicium a un effet particulier : il stabilise la matrice martensitique et retarde la précipitation de la cémentite vers des températures de revenu plus élevées, augmentant ainsi la résistance au revenu. Cependant, le silicium se révèle nocif pour le procédé industriel de mise en forme utilisé. Deux nouveaux alliages ont alors été élaborés pour chercher un élément de substitution à l’aluminium : un alliage ou le silicium est remplacé par l’aluminium, et un alliage ou le silicium est absent. L’aluminium reste neutre dans l’alliage mais l’étude de ces deux nuances a permis de mettre en évidence la possibilité d’utiliser une nuance ne contenant pas de silicium mais présentant une résistance au revenu comparable a celle de la nuance industrielle, du fait de la présence conjointe du chrome et du vanadium

Weak-beam study of dislocations in D022-Al3Ti deformed at 400°C

cited By 0International audiencePolycrystalline samples of Al3Ti with the D022-type structure have been plastically deformed at 400°C. Observations using weak-beam transmission electron microscopy show activation of dislocations with <100] or <110] Burgers vectors. The fine structure of [100] and [010] dislocations reveals strong stabilization effect on the pure edge character. [110] superdislocations, resulting from the interactions between [100] and [010] perfect dislocations, are dissociated in two identical superpartials separated by an antiphase boundary (APB). Their segmented shape together with the separation distances between the [110] superpartials point to a large anisotropy of APB energies whose estimated values on (001) and (111) are 13 ± 3 mJ/m2 and 64 ± 5 mJ/m2, respectively. The low mobility of <100] and <110] dislocations is highlighted and related to the low ductility of this material. © 2013 Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC

Deformation localization during very high temperature notch creep in Ni-based SX

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Deformation localization during very high temperature notch creep in Ni-based SX

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Study of the low cyclic behaviour of the IRIS alloy at high temperature

This paper presents experimental results on low cycle fatigue (LCF) behaviour at high temperatures of the IRIS alloy (Ti-Al48-W2-B0.08, at. %) densified by Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS). Cyclic stability is noticed, whatever the temperature and the total strain amplitude. Fracture occurs by mixed interlamellar and translamellar modes. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observations reveal that deformation is mainly due to ordinary dislocations and twins, and slip and cross-slip mechanisms have been clearly evidenced, without significant contribution of climb at 800°C. It has also been established that dislocation density depends on fatigue life time rather than on stress amplitude

Long-term stability of René 65 Ni-based superalloy: a methodology to objectively evaluate the impact of TCP on creep and dwell-fatigue properties

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Microstructures and mechanical properties of a multi-phase β-solidifying TiAl alloy densified by spark plasma sintering

cited By 40International audienceThis work deals with the densification of TNM alloys by spark plasma sintering. Pre-alloyed powders with composition Ti-43.9Al-4Nb-0.95Mo-0.1B (at.%) were sintered between 1237 and 1429 °C, applying a pressure of 100 MPa. The microstructures of the alloys were studied by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Tensile tests at room temperature and creep experiments at 700 °C and 300 MPa stress were performed. Post-mortem analyses of deformed samples were also carried out by transmission electron microscopy to explain the mechanical properties. Duplex, nearly lamellar and so-called β microstructures were obtained as a function of the sintering temperature. Attention is focused on the nearly lamellar microstructure. This type of microstructure is composed of small lamellar α2/ γ-colonies, which are surrounded by γ + β0 intercolony borders. It exhibits very strong creep resistance associated with moderate ductility at room temperature. It is demonstrated that the use of β solidifying alloys during SPS is an efficient way to reduce the size of the lamellar microstructure. Finally, the mechanical properties obtained are explained in terms of the characteristics of this microstructure. © 2014 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

Etude du comportement à hautes températures d’un alliage TiAl densifié par frittage flash

International audienceLes travaux effectués portent sur la caractérisation microstructurale et le comportement mécanique d’un alliage TiAl en cours de développement, pour la fabrication d’aubes de turbine des étages à basse pression. Nous présenterons ainsi les caractéristiques d’un alliage TiAl élaboré au CEMES par frittage flash ainsi que son comportement à haute température