14 research outputs found

    Magnetostatic potential analysis outside mems plate by boundary element method

    Get PDF
    MEMS ve NEMS cihazlarının, gittikçe küçülen yapılarıyla beraber kararlı ve verimli çalışabilmesi için tasarımları önem kazanmaktadır. Sınır elemanları yöntemi bu tür cihazların tasarımı için son zamanlarda yaygın olarak kullanılan bir yöntemdir. Bu çalışmada, klasik yöntemler olarak ifade edilen sonlu farklar yöntemi ve sonlu elemanlar yöntemine göre daha yeni bir metot olan sınır elemanları metodu araştırılmıştır. Sınır elemanları yönteminin MEMS tasarımındaki performansını incelemek için MEMS plakası dışında oluşan skaler manyetik potansiyel analiz edilmiştir. İlk olarak problem bölgesi sınırları, sabit sınır elemanı ile bölümlenmiş ve Dirichlet sınır şartları tanımlanarak problem modellenmiştir. Problemi çözmek için Matlab ortamında yeni bir program geliştirilmiştir. Tasarlanan program, limitleri ve eleman sayıları belirlenen iki boyutlu problem bölgesinde, otomatik olarak sonlu elemanlar yöntemi ve sınır elamanları yöntemi için çözüm yapmaktadır. Sonuçların doğruluk derecesini kontrol etmek için problem analitik olarak çözülerek tüm sonuçlar karşılaştırılmıştır. Uygulamada elde edilen sonuçlara göre sınır elemanları yönteminin sonlu elemanlar yöntemine göre problem çözmek için gerekli veriler, uygulama kolaylığı ve sonuçların doğruluğu açısından birçok pozitif yöne sahip olduğu ifade edilebilir. Bu çalışmada elde edilen sonuçlara göre MEMS ve NEMS cihazların elektrostatik ve manyetostatik algılama mesafeleri tespitinde sınır elamanları metodunun kullanılması önerilebilir. Geliştirilen yeni program, bu tür cihazların daha iyi bir tasarıma sahip olmalarına katkı sunabilirDesigns of MEMS and NEMS devices are gaining importance for their stable and efficient operation with their shrinking structures. Boundary element method is a widely used method for design of such devices, recently. In this study, finite difference method, which is expressed as classical methods, and boundary element method, which is a newer method compared to finite element method, was investigated. To examine the performance of boundary element method in MEMS design, the scalar magnetic potential formed outside the MEMS plate was analyzed. Firstly, the boundaries of problem region are divided with a fixed boundary element and the problem is modeled by defining Dirichlet boundary conditions. A new program has been developed in Matlab environment to solve the problem. The designed program automatically solves the finite element method and the boundary element method in two-dimensional problem region whose limits and number of elements are determined. To check the accuracy of the results, the problem was solved analytically and all results were compared. According to the results obtained in the application, it can be stated that boundary element method has many positive aspects in terms of the data required for problem solving, the ease of application and the accuracy of the results according to the finite element method. According to the results obtained in this study, it may be suggested to use the boundary element method in detection of electrostatic and magnetostatic sensing distances of MEMS and NEMS devices. The developed program can contribute to better design of such devices

    Transient Analysis of Double Layer Metal-Gas-Dielectric-Metal DBD Cell

    Get PDF
    The investigation of Dielectric Barrier Discharges (DBD) in the absence of breakdown has significance in the perspective of the technological processes based on discharge phenomena and high voltage techniques. This study carries out transient analyses for the temporal evolution of electrical field, space charge density, polarization current while charging experimental Metal-Gas-Dielectric-Metal (MGDM) DBD cell. For these proposes, a theoretical model based on current continuity and two-layer polarization mechanism is developed for the investigation of an experimental MGDM electrodes system. In the steady state, the model obeys energy conservation law. Analysis results are discussed on the basis of experimental current measurements to explain pulsed DBD curren

    The effect of dielectric barrier discharge cold plasmas on the electrochemical activity of CoeCreB based catalysts

    No full text
    In this study, the effect of Alternating Current and Direct Current Dielectric Barrier Discharge cold plasmas on the catalytic activity of CoeCreB based catalysts reduced from CoCl26H2O?Cr(NO3)36H2O ? Cr(NO3)39H2O is investigated. The catalytic properties of CoeCreB catalysts utilized in hydrogen generation from the hydrolysis of NaBH4 are examined in the plasma mediums depending on various voltages applied to plasmas. The catalysts are produced by AC plasma and DC plasma methods separately. In the presence of plasma-produced catalyst, the hydrolysis reactions complete within shorter time intervals than in the presence of non-plasma produced catalysts. The best chosen AC plasma-produced CoeCreB catalyst completes the hydrolysis reactions in 5 min; while the non-plasma produced catalyst completes the same reactions in 20 min. The hydrolysis reaction of sodium borohydride with CoeCreB catalyst produced in AC plasma media is controlled by zero order reaction whereas the same reaction is controlled by first order reaction in the presence of COeCreB catalyst produced in DC plasma medium. The activation energy carried out in the presence of CoeCreB catalyst produced in AC plasma and DC plasma mediums was found as 16.17 kJmol1and18kJmol1 and 18 kJmol1, respectively

    Experımental analysıs of dıelectrıc barrıer dıscharge usıng a p-type semıconductor barrıer

    No full text
    Yaşamın her alanında (uzay teknolojisi, savunma sanayi, tıp uygulamaları gibi) yaygın olarak kullanılan yarıiletken malzemelerin her koşulda doğru çalışması, verimli ve uzun ömürlü olması istenmektedir. Elektronik sistemlerin temelini oluşturan yarıiletken malzemelerin kararlılıklarının, kuvvetli elektrik alanı ortamlarında incelenmesiyle önemli sonuçlara ulaşılabilir. Bir malzemenin kararlılığının belirlenmesi, bilinen yöntemlerin yanı sıra kuvvetli elektrik alanı ortamında meydana getirdiği akım osilasyonları ile ilişkilidir. Dolayısıyla bu çalışmada, DBB sisteminde P tipi yarıiletken bir malzemenin değişken kuvvetli elektrik alan ortamındaki davranışı araştırılmıştır. P tipi yarıiletken malzeme DBB reaktöründeki düşük gerilim elektrotu üzerinde bariyer tabaka olarak kullanılarak deneysel analiz gerçekleştirilmiştir. Deneyler hava ve vakum ortamında, 50 Hz ile 500 Hz frekans değerlerinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Elde edilen verilere göre P tipi yarıiletken bariyer tabakanın ortamda meydana gelen akım osilasyonları üzerinde önemli bir etkisi olduğu görülmüştür. Bu etki (P=-0,88 bar) vakum ortamında ve düşük boşalma akımı değerlerinde daha belirgin olarak ortaya çıkmıştır. Ayrıca, boşalma akımının analiz açısından, boşalmanın Townsend modunda daha kararlı sonuçlar verdiği görülmüştür. Yüksek akımlı glow modunda kararsız akım osilasyonları gözlemlenmiştir. DBB uygulamalarında (sabit elektrot açıklığında) delinme vakum ortamında yaklaşık 0,6 kV değerinde gerçekleşirken, atmosferik basınçtaki hava ortamında ise 6,075 kV değerinde meydana geldiği görülmüştür

    Experimental Investigation of Current Oscillations by Using N-Type Semiconductor Barrier in DBD System

    No full text
    Teknolojinin gelişmesine paralel olarak yarıiletken malzemenin kullanıldığı alanlar giderek yaygınlaşmaktadır. Özellikle uzay teknolojisi, savunma sanayi ve tıp alanında kullanılan sistemlerin her koşulda kararlı, verimli ve uzun ömürlü olması istenmektedir. Elektronik teknolojisinin temelini oluşturan yarıiletken malzemelerin kararlılığı değişken kuvvetli elektrik alan ortamında incelenebilir. Bu çalışmada N tipi yarıiletken malzemenin kararlılığını analiz etmek için DBB sisteminde farklı ortam ve farklı frekans değerlerinde uygulamalar gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu uygulamalar her ortam için rastgele seçilen 50 Hz, 100 Hz, 200 Hz, 350 Hz ve 500 Hz frekanslı gerilim değerlerinde yapılmıştır. Elde edilen deneysel veriler ile gerilim akım eğrileri oluşturularak N tipi yarıiletken malzeme DBB sistemi ile analiz edilmiştir. Sonuçlara göre vakum ortamında delinmeler 0,675 kV-0,855 kV aralığında meydana gelirken, hava ortamında 6 kV-7,05 kV aralığında ve azot ortamında 7,2 kV-7,95 kV aralığında meydana gelmiştir. Uygulamalara ait delinme gerilimleri ve boşalma akım osilasyonları incelendiğinde DBB sisteminde basıncın önemli bir faktör olduğu görülmektedir. İnert olan azot gazı ise sistemin kararlılığını artırmaktadır. N tipi yarıiletken malzemenin özellikleri düşük basınç, düşük gerilim ve düşük frekansta daha belirgin olduğu söylenebilir

    Hydrogen Generation from NaBH4 Solution with the High-performance Co(0) Catalyst Using a Cold Plasma Method

    No full text
    The hydrogen production from the hydrolysis of NaBH4 with Co(0) catalyst, which is prepared with a cold plasma method under nitrogen atmosphere, was investigated with effects of NaBH4 and NaOH concentration, temperature, plasma applying time and applying power, and Co(0) catalyst effect. The hydrolysis reaction completed within around 10-min time intervals with cold plasma, while the hydrolysis reaction in the known method completed within around 20-min time intervals. The completion rate of hydrolysis reaction with Co(0) catalyst in cold plasma media compared to nonplasma media increased to be around 100%. The yield of hydrogen in the presence of 3.2, 10, and 25% NaBH4 solution takes the values of around 94, 90, and 15% at the end of 600 sec, respectively. The experimental data were fitted to first-order. The activation energy for first-order was found to be 26.02 kJ mol1

    Hydrogen generation from hydrolysis of sodium borohydride with Ni (0) catalyst in dielectric barrier discharge method

    No full text
    In this study, the hydrogen production from hydrolysis of sodium borohydride (NaBH4) in the presence of the catalytic properties of Ni(0), which is reduced from NiCl2.6H2O, was investigated with a dielectric barrier discharge plasma method. The hydrogen production from NaBH4 hydrolysis with Ni(0) catalyst prepared in dielectric barrier discharge plasma media created by applying a certain amount of voltages (3–5 kV) and plasma applying times (5–15 min) was investigated depending on NaBH4 concentration (3.2–10%) in solutions, NaOH concentration (1.5–10%) in solutions, catalyst amount (5–20 mg), and temperature (20–60°C). Hydrolysis reaction of NaBH4 with Ni(0) prepared in the presence of dielectric barrier discharge plasma is completed in 45-min time intervals with fast hydrogen generation while the Ni(0) produced in a known method led to a slow hydrogen release and hydrolysis is completed in 70-min time intervals. The hydrogen yield of 3.2, 5, and 10% NaBH4 solution with Ni(0) catalyst prepared in the presence of dielectric barrier discharge plasma takes the values of 95.06, 57.42, and 31.78% at the end of 45 min, respectively. The experimental data were fitted to first-order. The activation energy for first-order was found to be 41.76 kJ mol-1

    Journal of Power Sources

    No full text
    In this study, the hydrogen generation from the hydrolysis of NaBH4 with Ni (o) catalyst prepared in the presence of plasma is investigated. The catalytic properties of nickel catalyst prepared in the presence of plasma are investigated based on NaBH4 concentration, NaOH concentration, temperature, plasma applying time and plasma applying voltage. The results indicated that nickel catalyst reduced with plasma was completed in only 35 min, while the nickel catalyst produced in known method is completed in 80 min. Characteristics of this nickel-based catalyst are carried out by using XRD, BET, SEM and XPS. The activation energy for zero-order is found to be 51.35 kJ mol-1

    Hydrogen Generation from Hydrolysis of Sodium Borohydride with Ni(0) Catalyst in Dielectric Barrier Discharge Method

    No full text
    In this study, the hydrogen production from hydrolysis of sodium borohydride (NaBH4) in the presence of the catalytic properties of Ni(0), which is reduced from NiCl2:6H2O, was investigated with a dielectric barrier discharge plasma method. The hydrogen production from NaBH4 hydrolysis with Ni(0) catalyst prepared in dielectric barrier discharge plasma media created by applying a certain amount of voltages (3–5 kV) and plasma applying times (5–15 min) was investigated depending on NaBH4 concentration (3.2–10%) in solutions, NaOH concentration (1.5–10%) in solutions, catalyst amount (5–20 mg), and temperature (20–60ıC). Hydrolysis reaction of NaBH4 with Ni(0) prepared in the presence of dielectric barrier discharge plasma is completed in 45-min time intervals with fast hydrogen generation while the Ni(0) produced in a known method led to a slow hydrogen release and hydrolysis is completed in 70-min time intervals. The hydrogen yield of 3.2, 5, and 10% NaBH4 solution with Ni(0) catalyst prepared in the presence of dielectric barrier discharge plasma takes the values of 95.06, 57.42, and 31.78% at the end of 45 min, respectively. The experimental data were fitted to first-order. The activation energy for first-order was found to be 41.76 kJ mol1

    Influence of plasma treatment on electrochemical activity of Ni (o)-based catalyst for hydrogen production by hydrolysis of NaBH 4

    No full text
    n this study, the hydrogen generation from the hydrolysis of NaBH4 with Ni (o) catalyst prepared in the presence of plasma is investigated. The catalytic properties of nickel catalyst prepared in the presence of plasma are investigated based on NaBH4 concentration, NaOH concentration, temperature, plasma applying time and plasma applying voltage. The results indicated that nickel catalyst reduced with plasma was completed in only 35 min, while the nickel catalyst produced in known method is completed in 80 min. Characteristics of this nickel-based catalyst are carried out by using XRD, BET, SEM and XPS. The activation energy for zero-order is found to be 51.35 kJ mol-1
    corecore