Nachgefragt: 25 Fragen und Antworten zum Stand des Wissens rund um Öko-Landbau und Bio-Lebensmittel - Argumentationsleitfaden zum Ökologischen Landbau für Multiplikatoren

„Ist Bio denn wirklich gesünder?“ Dies ist nur eine der vielen Fragen, die immer wieder gestellt werden, wenn es um Ökologischen Landbau und Bio-Lebensmittel geht. Und: Sie werden mit dem wachsenden Bio-Markt und der zunehmenden Beliebtheit seiner Produkte immer häufiger, immer kritischer und nach wie vor oftmals vorurteilsbeladen und polemisch gestellt. Dieser Argumentationsleitfaden will die Diskussion versachlichen. Auf dem Stand des Wissens stellt er die Vorzüglichkeit der ökologischen Lebensmittelwirtschaft sachlich, fundiert und übersichtlich dar und benennt ebenso Bereiche, bei denen noch Defizite und somit Handlungsbedarf besteht. Damit werden Fragestellungen aufgegriffen, die in der gesellschaftlichen Auseinandersetzung um die biologische Lebensmittelwirtschaft immer wieder zu Diskussionen und Auseinandersetzungen führen. Zu den Themenfeldern Grundlagen, Erzeugung, Verarbeitung, Vermarktung, Qualität, Umweltwirkungen sowie ökologische Lebensmittelwirtschaft und Gesellschaft werden 25 Fragen so beantwortet, dass die wichtigsten Gesichtspunkte zu der jeweiligen Frage „auf einen Blick“ in einer logischen Argumentationskette zur Verfügung stehen. Quellenverweise ermöglichen es, einzelne Sachverhalte zu vertiefen. Damit ist der Argumentationsleitfaden ein wichtiges Instrument für Journalisten und Politiker, die Fragen zur ökologischen Lebensmittelwirtschaft haben, sich schnell und doch umfassend zu informieren. Ebenso soll der Leitfaden für die Multiplikatoren der Branche, wie Verbandsvertreter oder Ausbilder, eine Hilfe in der täglichen Arbeit sein. Sei es, um sich auf eine Podiumsdiskussion vorzubereiten, einem Pressevertreter weiterführende Quellen nennen zu können oder um bei der Verkäuferschulung Antworten auf häufig gestellte Kundenfragen besprechen zu können

Theory and Practice: thinking styles in engineering and science

This paper describes knowledge as an element of thinking styles, which are properties of thinking collectives. According to the theory outlined here, the choice of a thinking style to solve a certain problem is relative, but once the thinking has been chosen, realism prevails. This paper also describes the genesis and development of thinking styles and, with them, of facts. The theoretical concepts are illustrated with two examples of thinking styles: a description of the thinking styles of circuit theorists and circuit designers (theory vs. practice), and a comparison of the thinking styles of two closely related technical societies of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). Applications of the theory are also presented in this paper; they include information management, documentation tools, and writing styles, and mainly draw from the author's own experience with these topics

Theory and Practice: thinking styles in engineering and science

This paper describes knowledge as an element of thinking styles, which are properties of thinking collectives. According to the theory outlined here, the choice of a thinking style to solve a certain problem is relative, but once the thinking has been chosen, realism prevails. This paper also describes the genesis and development of thinking styles and, with them, of facts. The theoretical concepts are illustrated with two examples of thinking styles: a description of the thinking styles of circuit theorists and circuit designers (theory vs. practice), and a comparison of the thinking styles of two closely related technical societies of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). Applications of the theory are also presented in this paper; they include information management, documentation tools, and writing styles, and mainly draw from the author's own experience with these topics

WHY THE TERMS ’CURRENT MODE ’ AND ’VOLTAGE MODE’ NEITHER DIVIDE NOR QUALIFY CIRCUITS

It is often stated in papers that there may be a fundamental difference between current-mode and voltage-mode circuits. In this discussion paper, we show that there is no definition that would clearly divide all circuits into current-mode and voltagemode. Then we provide evidence that a voltage-mode Gm–C filter and its current-mode counterpart have the same performance. The reason why current-mode circuits often perform differently from voltage-mode circuits is that current-mode circuits often use less loop gain and are less complex. Because one can also build voltage-mode circuits in that way, and current-mode circuits with more gain and complexity, the actual difference between current mode and voltage mode comes from the different preferences of the research groups. We conclude that conscious efforts should be made to re-integrate the knowledge produced by the current-mode research groups into main-stream analog IC design. 1

Minimum-Sensitivity Single-Amplifier Biquadratic Filters

Evaluating the Schoeffler criterion for Sallen-Key filters leads to expressions having two degrees of freedom and prohibitive complexity. Such expressions are normally solved only after making approximations. We show, using the lowpass filter as an example, how the two degrees of freedom can be separated by a simple non-linear coordinate transform. Exact design equations for the minimum-sensitivity filter result, revealing that this filter has the maximum allowable component spread, that its capacitor spread is larger than the resistor spread, and that the required amplifier gain does not exceed two. We then repeat the analysis for unitygain filters and show that the minimum-sensitivity filter has minimum component spreads if its pole frequency is below a certain value. 1 Introduction Discrete-component filters are often implemented as cascades of single-amplifier biquadratic filters (SABs), because they are cheaper than multi-amplifier filters. In IC form, SABs are also preferred, b..

A Continuously Adjustable Video-Frequency Current Amplifier for Filter Applications

The adjustable balanced-signal current amplifier presented in this paper amplifies a current by first transforming it into a voltage signal using two poly-silicon resistors and then back into a current signal using a single MOSFET resistor operating in the linear region. We implemented the amplifier in the double-poly 0.6 m CMOS process by Austria Mikro Systeme International. It consumes 12.4 mW from a 3.3 V supply and covers an area of 0.07 mm 2 . Measurements show that it is suitable for building biquadratic filters with a spurious -free dynamic range of more than 45 dB, a pole Q of 3 and a pole frequency of up to 900 kHz. We also show that a modification of the circuit allows building filters with pole frequencies up to 6 MHz. 1 Introduction Our motivation for building an adjustable current amplifier, called current-controlled current source (CCCS) in this paper, is the integration of single-amplifier biquadratic filters (SABs) in CMOS, to be used, for example, as video-frequenc..