Стилистический эффект разговорной речи и его составляющие

В обучении русскому языку как иностранному на современном этапе большое внимание уделяется особенностям русской разговорной речи. Это обусловлено целым рядом причин, среди которых, на наш взгляд, можно выделить следующие: во-первых, разговорная речь всегда отличается активностью проникновения во все сферы жизнедеятельности людей и функционирует как в повседневном общении, так и в различных сферах (литературе, кино, политике и т.д.). Во-вторых, разговорная речь носит многожанровый характер, что зачастую затрудняет ее понимание иностранными студентами. В-третьих, в разговорную речь помимо слов нейтрального стиля все активнее стала проникать арготическая лексика. Именно в связи с этим особый интерес у нас вызывает разговорный стиль речи в преломлении на инофонную аудиторию

Expression of BG505s trimers in tissue culture.

<p>(A) Monolayers of HEK 293T cells were infected with ChAdOx1.BG505s at the indicated MOIs for 48 h. The proteins in the tissue culture supernatants were separated by non-denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and transferred onto a nitrocellulose membrane. BG505 Env proteins were detected using the glycan-specific 2G12 mAb as the primary antibody. As a positive control, supernatant from a HEK 293T stable cell line that expresses fully cleaved BG505s trimers was analysed in the first lane. The relative molecular masses of 600 and 450 kDa are indicated. (B) To assess the percentage of correctly folded trimers in the ChAdOx1.BG505s- and MVA.BG505s-infected cell culture supernatants, the ELISA plates were first coated with either 2G12 or PGT151 Env-specific bnAbs and the captured native-like, furin-cleaved trimers were detected using PGT145 as the secondary mAb. To generate the standard curve used for trimer quantification (top), gp140 monomers and trimers purified from stably transfected cells were mixed at different ratios, but at a constant total concentration. The latter values were determined using a different, non-trimer specific capture ELISA (see <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0181886#sec002" target="_blank">Methods</a> section). The percentages of native-like BG505s trimer present in the virus-infected cell culture supernatants are shown for the indicated antibody combinations (bottom).</p

Kinetics of BG505s trimer-binding antibody responses induced in rabbits by various immunization regimens.

<p>(A) Groups of 5 rabbits were immunized with ChAdOx1.BG505s (C), MVA.BG505s (P) and ISCOMATRIX^™-adjuvanted BG505s protein trimer (P) candidate vaccines, as depicted. The animals were immunized at weeks 0, 8 and 24 (arrows), and bled regularly. (B) Reciprocal endpoint titres of the BG505s trimer-binding antibodies in rabbit sera were determined by capture ELISA. The trimer-binding antibody titres at each time point are shown for individual rabbits, and the median values for group-peak time points are shown above each peak. Note that the time points at which the peak titres were measured differed among the rabbits in each group, and that some rabbits died for protocol-unrelated reasons (<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0181886#pone.0181886.s001" target="_blank">S1 Table</a>).</p

Peak reciprocal anti-trimer Ab end-point titres in rabbit sera, ranked by immunization group.

<p>Peak reciprocal anti-trimer Ab end-point titres in rabbit sera, ranked by immunization group.</p

Antibody recognition of glycan holes^a.

<p>Antibody recognition of glycan holes<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0181886#t003fn001" target="_blank">^a</a>.</p

Neutralization of tier-1 and tier-2 viruses in TZM-bl cell assay^a.

<p>Neutralization of tier-1 and tier-2 viruses in TZM-bl cell assay<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0181886#t003fn001" target="_blank">^a</a>.</p

Patients’ characteristics.

<p>Table depicts whether patients were HIV-1 acutely or chronically infected, stage of treatment, the number of patients used in the study, the number of extra patients included in the study, total number of samples tested, mean frequency of CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cells (cells/µL) and viral load (copies/mL).</p

Breadth of ARF responses in chronically infected patients.

<p>A) Number of detectable responses observed for each individual ARF peptide-pool tested. B) Number of ARF peptide pools that induced detectable responses in each chronically infected individual. Grey bars represent patients Before HAART and black bars represent patients On HAART. Patients #47 and #48 were only tested before HAART introduction and patient #49 was only tested after HAART.</p

ARF responses in one HIV-1 chronically infected patients before and on HAART.

<p>In the pie charts each color represents a pool of immune response that the patient mounted against. Numbers inside the pie charts correspond to the magnitude of the response against the pool in SFU/million PBMC.</p

Alternate reading frame-encoded amino acids in circulating viral sequences.

<p>A) Distribution of known mutant origins across viral ARF sequences attributable to a particular cause based on information associated with the sequence accession the NCBI nr protein database presented in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0039311#pone.0039311.s002" target="_blank">Table S2</a>. B) Composition of viral coding sequence computed as a percentage assigned to the coding sequence for the Env, Gag, Pol poly-proteins based on nucleotide base counts for a particular gene region compared to the total nucleotide count for the structural genes of the virus. Gag comprises 1,503 nt of the total of 6,878 nt of structural gene sequence; Pol comprises 3,139 nt of the total; Env comprises of 2,571 nt of the total. This is the distribution of origins within the genome that would be expected if originating events for the incorporation of ARF and their detection in circulating HIV-1 viral sequences were distributed randomly throughout the genome. C) The distribution of ARF incorporated into circulating viral sequences that was observed in our searches of NCBI nr protein database for ARF sequences in circulating HIV-1 viral sequences. The percentages were computed by dividing the number of BLAST hits with ARF sequence incorporated into a given gene region by the 123 total hits examined. D) A three-way alignment between the HXB-2 reference sequence for the Env region, the accession AAL78125.1 and the alternate reading frame encoded ORF 67. E) A three-way alignment between the HXB-2 reference sequence for the Gag region, the accession AEQ21252.1 and the alternate reading frame encoded ORF 3. F) A three-way alignment between the HXB-2 reference sequence for the Pol region, the accession CAF29000.1 and the alternate reading frame encoded ORF 23. All three-way alignments were generated by combining two pair-wise alignments created in Geneious, followed by manual editing. Note each accession is similar to both the HXB-2 reference sequence for the structural proteins and the alternate reading frame encoded sequence, but not to both sequences simultaneously within the same region of the sequence.</p