10 research outputs found

    Exploring the Dihydroazulene/Vinylheptafulvene Photoswitch for Solar Thermal Energy Storage

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    Density Functional Theory Study of the Solvent Effects on Systematically Substituted Dihydroazulene/Vinylheptafulvene Systems: Improving the Capability of Molecular Energy Storage

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    Former work has improved the energy storage capacity of the dihydroazulene/vinylheptafulvene photo/thermoswitch by substitution with NH<sub>2</sub> and NO<sub>2</sub> in vacuum. This work extends the former by investigating the solvent effects systematically using cyclohexane, toluene, dichloromethane, ethanol, and acetonitrile and comparing them with the inclusion of vacuum calculations. The investigation includes more than 8000 calculations using density functional theory for comparison of energy storage capacities, activation energies for the thermal conversion of vinylheptafulvene to dihydroazulene, and UV–Vis absorption spectra. We thereby establish design and solvent guidelines in order to obtain an optimal performance of the dihydroazulene/vinylheptafulvene system for use in a solar energy harvesting and storing device

    Computational Methodology Study of the Optical and Thermochemical Properties of a Molecular Photoswitch

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    We assess how the utilization of different DFT functionals for obtaining the equilibrium geometries and vibrational frequencies affect the description of the thermochemistry and subsequent calculation of the optical properties of a dihydroazulene–vinylheptafulvene photoswitch. The assessment covers nine popular DFT functionals (BLYP, B3LYP, CAM-B3LYP, M06-L, M06, M06-2X, PBE, PBE0, and ωB97X-D) in conjugation with five different Pople style basis sets (6-31+G­(d), 6-31++G­(d,p), 6-311+G­(d), 6-311++G­(d,p), and 6-311++G­(3df,3pd)). It is identified that only CAM-B3LYP, M06-2X, and PBE0 are able to quantitatively describe the correct trends in the thermochemical properties. The subsequent calculation of the optical properties using the CAM-B3LYP functional shows that there is little difference in whether the CAM-B3LYP, M06-2X, or PBE0 functionals have been used to calculate the equilibrium geometries. Utilizing the identified functionals, we investigate how the number of electron withdrawing cyano substituents influence the thermochemistry and optical properties of the molecular photoswitch
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