18,017 research outputs found
Clotting and other plasma factors in experimental endotoxemia: inhibition of degradation by exogenous proteinase inhibitors.
Phlegethon flow: A proposed origin for spicules and coronal heating
A model was develped for the mass, energy, and magnetic field transport into the corona. The focus is on the flow below the photosphere which allows the energy to pass into, and be dissipated within, the solar atmosphere. The high flow velocities observed in spicules are explained. A treatment following the work of Bailyn et al. (1985) is examined. It was concluded that within the framework of the model, energy may dissipate at a temperature comparable to the temperature where the waves originated, allowing for an equipartition solution of atmospheric flow, departing the sun at velocities approaching the maximum Alfven speed
Accuracy and uncertainty of single-shot, nonresonant laser-induced thermal acoustics
We study the accuracy and uncertainty of single-shot nonresonant laser-induced thermal acoustics measurements of the speed of sound and the thermal diffusivity in unseeded atmospheric air from electrostrictive gratings as a function of the laser power settings. For low pump energies, the measured speed of sound is too low, which is due to the influence of noise on the numerical data analysis scheme. For pump energies comparable to and higher than the breakdown energy of the gas, the measured speed of sound is too high. This is an effect of leaving the acoustic limit, and instead creating finite-amplitude density perturbations. The measured thermal diffusivity is too large for high noise levels but it decreases below the predicted value for high pump energies. The pump energy where the error is minimal coincides for the speed of sound and for the thermal diffusivity measurements. The errors at this minimum are 0.03% and 1%, respectively. The uncertainties for the speed of sound and the thermal diffusivity decrease monotonically with signal intensity to 0.25% and 5%, respectively
On the relation between 2+1 Einstein gravity and Chern Simons theory
A simple example is given to show that the gauge equivalence classes of
physical states in Chern Simons theory are not in one-to-one correspondence
with those of Einstein gravity in three spacetime dimensions. The two theories
are therefore not equivalent. It is shown that including singular metrics into
general relativity has more, and in fact a quite counter-intuitive, impact on
the theory than one naively expects.Comment: 14 pages, LaTeX2e, 3 eps figure
Bridging length and time scales in sheared demixing systems: from the Cahn-Hilliard to the Doi-Ohta model
We develop a systematic coarse-graining procedure which establishes the
connection between models of mixtures of immiscible fluids at different length
and time scales. We start from the Cahn-Hilliard model of spinodal
decomposition in a binary fluid mixture under flow from which we derive the
coarse-grained description. The crucial step in this procedure is to identify
the relevant coarse-grained variables and find the appropriate mapping which
expresses them in terms of the more microscopic variables. In order to capture
the physics of the Doi-Ohta level, we introduce the interfacial width as an
additional variable at that level. In this way, we account for the stretching
of the interface under flow and derive analytically the convective behavior of
the relevant coarse-grained variables, which in the long wavelength limit
recovers the familiar phenomenological Doi-Ohta model. In addition, we obtain
the expression for the interfacial tension in terms of the Cahn-Hilliard
parameters as a direct result of the developed coarse-graining procedure.
Finally, by analyzing the numerical results obtained from the simulations on
the Cahn-Hilliard level, we discuss that dissipative processes at the Doi-Ohta
level are of the same origin as in the Cahn-Hilliard model. The way to estimate
the interface relaxation times of the Doi-Ohta model from the underlying
morphology dynamics simulated at the Cahn-Hilliard level is established.Comment: 29 pages, 2 figures, accepted for publication in Phys. Rev.
Plasma levels of neutrophil elastase-Alpha1-proteinase inhibitor complexes and factor XIII (including subunits A and S) in septicemia and leucemia
Serodiagnosis of infectious mononucleosis by using recombinant Epstein-Barr virus antigens and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technology
Four recombinant, diagnostically useful Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) proteins representative of the viral capsid antigen (p150), diffuse early antigen (p54), the major DNA-binding protein (p138), and the EBV nuclear antigen (p72) (W. Hinderer, H. Nebel-Schickel, H.H. Sonneborn, M. Motz, R. KĂŒhbeck, and H. Wolf, J. Exp. Clin. Cancer Res. 7[Suppl.]:132, 1988) were used to set up individual enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) for the qualitative and quantitative detection of immunoglobulin M (IgM) and IgG antibodies. In direct comparison with results obtained by standard immunofluorescence or immunoperoxidase assays, it was then shown that the recombinant EBV ELISAs provide the means for specific and sensitive serodiagnosis of infectious mononucleosis (IM) caused by EBV. The most useful markers in sera from such patients proved to be IgM antibodies against p54, p138, and p150. Additional positive markers for recent or ongoing IM apparently were IgG antibodies against p54 and p138. In contrast, anti-p72 IgG had a high preference for sera from healthy blood donors and, therefore, can be considered indicative of past exposure to the virus. Altogether, the individual ELISAs proved to be as specific and at least as sensitive for the diagnosis of IM as the currently available standard techniques are. Moreover, our findings suggest that, by combining individual test antigens, a workable ELISA system consisting of three assays (IgM against p54, p138, and p150; IgG against p54 and p138; and IgG against p72) can be established for the standardized rapid diagnosis of acute EBV infections
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