Increasing Urban Biodiversity in Springfield, MA by Restoring the Native Floodplain Plant Community Along the Connecticut River

The purpose of this project was to increase urban biodiversity by restoring the native floodplain plant communities along the Connecticut River at the Pioneer Valley Riverfront Club (PVRC). Restoring or designing native plant communities is an important design alternative to the typical design methods of using non-native plant species and mono-culture plant palettes. Restoring a native plant community at the PVRC will allow the landscape to function once more as usable habitat for wildlife and native plants, encourage the natural succession of native plants, and become a more resilient landscape that can better withstand ecological changes caused by various factors including climate change. The project was also intended to be a showcase example for other landscape designers to see how native plant community design can be effectively utilized to not only inform the plant palette for a landscape design proposal, but also effectively show how a native plant community-based design can restore the functionality and environmental resilience of a landscape in a safe, educational, and welcoming manner. In addition, this project bridges the gap and acknowledges the difference between a typical landscape designer\u27s approach to restoration and a restoration ecologist\u27s approach. This was accomplished by re-grading the site of the PVRC in order to reconnect the artificially filled-in and elevated areas of the property with the floodplain. The design creates a series of terraces based on estimated flood levels required to sustain both the Floodplain Forest and High Terrace Floodplain Forest plant communities while utilizing the plants found in those native plant communities, as described by the Classification of the Natural Communities of Massachusetts (Swain & Kearsley, 2001). The designs were informed by extensive research on native plant communities in Massachusetts, previous native plant community restoration projects, and through detailed site analysis and site visits to the researched case studies

Col. M. W. Hannon to Major General Wheeler (14 May 1864)

Report on Confederate troop movenments and scoutshttps://egrove.olemiss.edu/ciwar_milrec/1027/thumbnail.jp

PP and crustal structure

Haskell's formulation for reflection of P waves at the base of a solid crust is extended to include overlying liquid layers. Normalized displacement and the phase shift at the base of the crust as a function of angle of incidence and frequency are calculated for two continental models and an oceanic model. Complex reflection coefficients are inverse Fourier transformed to the time domain to show the change of pulse shape upon reflection. These time traces show that the water layer of the oceanic model causes the main difference between continental and oceanic reflections. Sample seismograms from a deep shock were compared to the theoretical records; they were found to be consistent. It is concluded that the amplitude ratio PP/P as a function of frequency obtained from seismograms can be used to decipher the detailed structure at the point of reflection only after the radiation pattern of the source, attenuation of waves during propagation, and crustal transmission response at the receiver are properly taken into account

Demography, Breeding Biology and Predation of Willow Ptarmigan at Anderson River Delta, Northwest Territories

Observations on the willow ptarmigan (Lagopus lagopus albus) were made during the breeding season from 1958 to 1985 at the Anderson River delta, N.W.T. Numbers of territorial males on a 65 ha study area have fluctuated between 7 and 28 over this time, with numbers peaking in 1961-62, 1969 and 1980. Peaks in ptarmigan numbers appear to be fairly synchronous over a large geographical area. Large flocks of males were observed in some years. In 1978, these males, mainly yearlings, had similar wing lengths to, but weighed slightly more than territorial males. There appeared to be shortage of hens in 1978, possibly caused by differential mortality during the winter. Mean clutch size ranged from 8.7 to 10.4 and mean number of fledged chicks per brood ranged from 6.3 to 6.9. Within North America clutch size of willow ptarmigan does not appear to increase with increasing latitude. As in other localities, raptors and foxes appeared to be the main predators of ptarmigan. More males than females were killed on the breeding area, but this could have been because more males were present.Key words: willow ptarmigan, Northwest Territories, breeding, clutch size, demography, predationMots clés: lagopède des saules, Territoires du Nord-Ouest, nidification, taille de la couvée, démographie, prédatio

H. W. Hannon to Joseph Wheeler (14 May 1864. 5:20pm)

Note referencing telegraph from S. Gilliam to Col. B.J. Hull (14 May 1864) indicating that Hannon cannot spare troops to follow the aforementioned force without weakening his current position.https://egrove.olemiss.edu/ciwar_corresp/1364/thumbnail.jp