The Elbow-EpiTrainer : A method of delivering graded resistance to the extensor carpi radialis brevis. Effectiveness of a prototype device in a healthy population

This document is the Accepted Manuscript version of the following article: Navsaria R, Ryder DM, Lewis JS, et al, 'The Elbow-EpiTrainer: a method of delivering graded resistance to the extensor carpi radialis brevi:. Effectiveness of a prototype device in a healthy population', British Journal of Sports Medicine, Vol. 49(5):318-322, March 2015, available online at: http://bjsm.bmj.com/content/49/5/318. Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited.Background: Tennis elbow or lateral epicondylopathy (LE) is experienced as the lateral elbow has a reported prevalence of 1.3%, with symptoms lasting up to 18 months. LE is most commonly attributed to tendinopathy involving the extensor carpi radialis brevis (ECRB) tendon. The aim of tendinopathy management is to alleviate symptoms and restore function that initially involves relative rest followed by progressive therapeutic exercise. Objective: To assess the effectiveness of two prototype exercises using commonly available clinical equipment to progressively increase resistance and activity of the ECRB. Method: Eighteen healthy participants undertook two exercise progressions. Surface electromyography was used to record ECRB activity during the two progressions, involving eccentric exercises of the wrist extensors and elbow pronation exercises using a prototype device. The two progressions were assessed for their linearity of progression using repeated ANOVA and linear regression analysis. Five participants repeated the study to assess reliability. Results: The exercise progressions led to an increase in ECRB electromyographic (EMG) activity (p0.7) between the first and second tests for five participants. Conclusions: Manipulation of resistance and leverage with the prototype exercises was effective in creating significant increases of ECRB normalised EMG activity in a linear manner that may, with future research, become useful to clinicians treating LE. In addition, between trial reliability for the device to generate a consistent load was acceptable.Peer reviewe

Ensemble analysis of uncertainty of flux estimations for brain metabolism.

<p>Ensemble analysis of uncertainty of flux estimations for brain metabolism.</p

Automated plot of estimated fluxes in a model of brain energy metabolism.

<p>Automated plot of estimated fluxes in a model of brain energy metabolism.</p

Overview of BiGGR functionality.

<p>Overview of BiGGR functionality.</p

Flux distribution in a healthy brain and during AD.

<p>Flux distribution in a healthy brain and during AD.</p

zip of primate phylogeny inference

Zip file containing all input, intermediate, and output files from the inference of the primate phylogeny using the SUPERSMART pipleine. See README.txt for details

Supplementary Figure S1

Backbone supermatrix dimensions for varying minimum marker coverage in the case of the Primates. For each value for minimum marker coverage we varied the maximum divergence for a marker to be accepted in the set from 0.05 to 0.19 in increments of 0.02, hence the scatter around each value. Higher values of maximum accepted divergence mean that more markers are included, which consequently results in more characters as well as more taxa in the supermatrix

zip of simulation study data

Zip file containing all input, intermediate, and output files from the simulation study described in the manuscript. See README.txt for details

Microphone Array Impulse Response (MAIR) Library for Spatial Audio Research

This engineering brief describes an open-access library of an extensive set of room impulse responses (RIRs) captured using numerous microphone arrays from 2-channel stereo to 9-channel surround with height. The RIRs were obtained for 13 loudspeakers placed in various positions on a stage in a reverberant concert hall. The library features five 2-channel stereo pairs, 10 main surround arrays, nine height microphone arrays for 3D main arrays and 15 4-channel configurations for surround and 3D ambience arrays, each with varied microphone polar patterns, directions, spacings, and heights. A dummy head and a first-order-Ambisonics microphone are also included. The library is provided with a rendering tool, with which the user can easily simulate different microphone combinations in both loudspeaker and binaural playback for 13 source positions. The library can be freely downloaded from the Resources section of the APL website: https://www.hud.ac.uk/ap

Supplementary Table S2

Estimated mean crown ages in millions of years of major palm clade from SUPERSMART results as compared to previous studies