Oral Mucositis

Mucositis is a generalized term used to denote either oral or gastrointestinal mucositis as a consequence of cancer therapy. This chapter will describe the epidemiology of mucositis in relation to radiation therapy for head and neck cancers, chemotherapy, and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Clinical features, risk factors and pathogenesis of mucositis are covered in depth. In addition, the current consensus on mucositis management and economic consequences are reviewed in this chapter. Although considered to have a different pathogenesis, targeted therapy related oral mucosal adverse effects are often referred in the literature as mucositis or stomatitis. This entity is described in this chapter, too.</p

The challenges of moving from framework development to the real world: operationalising an oil vulnerability framework for oil spill response in the Canadian Pacific region

To support oil spill response planning, and to focus data collection within the Department of Fisheries and Oceans, Canada (DFO), an oil vulnerability framework was developed in 2016, and applied to the Pacific region. Using a criteria scoring (Exposure, Sensitivity and Recovery categories) and screening process, the framework identifies and ranks species sub-groups in terms of their vulnerability to oil. The framework outputs have been applied during oil spill exercises and during the recent Jake Shearer incident near Bella Bella in Nov 2017. Operationalising the framework at the spatial scale and within the time constraints of oil spill response requires a varied approach to deal with lack of spatial data for some groups. Here we present the current working model how we ensure the best available data is feed into the oil spill response

PENERAPAN KOMPETENSI PEDAGOGI GURU ABAD 21 DALAM PEMBELAJARAN DARING

In online learning, there are several problems for both teachers and students. namely, skills in utilizing technology, limited facilities and infrastructure, interactive media. The solution is the role of the teacher in designing learning with pedagogical competence in the 21st century. The teacher must use effective and interactive technology in communicating with students. The purpose of this study is to describe the efforts of teachers in applying the pedagogical competences of 21st century teachers in online learning through 3 learning components, namely materials, media and learning methods. The research method used descriptive qualitative with supporting data in the form of lesson plans, reflection sheets, and teacher feedback. Data collection techniques used observation sheets, lesson plans, teaching reflection, teaching feedback and documentation. The author uses feedback from teaching journals and reflection journals after the teaching process as the main data. Supporting sources are scientific journals and books that correspond to the problems the author finds. Analyzing data, researchers looked for solutions to problems that occur in teaching practice. The solution was for the teacher to design attractive learning methods, present learning materials by involving students, and utilizing technological media in the learning process. As a result, obstacles in online learning can be overcome through teacher pedagogical competences in the 21st century. The suggestion are that teachers should continue to improve themselves in developing their own pedagogical competences, and have effective communication with students

Prefrontal Cortical Response to Conflict during Semantic and Phonological Tasks

Debates about the function of the prefrontal cortex are as old as the field of neuropsychology—often dated to Paul Broca’s seminal work. Theories of the functional organization of the prefrontal cortex can be roughly divided into those that describe organization by process and those that describe organization by material. Recent studies of the function of the posterior, left inferior frontal gyrus (pLIFG) have yielded two quite different interpretations: One hypothesis holds that the pLIFG plays a domain-specific role in phonological processing, whereas another hypothesis describes a more general function of the pLIFG in cognitive control. In the current study, we distinguish effects of increasing cognitive control demands from effects of phonological processing. The results support the hypothesized role for the pLIFG in cognitive control, and more task-specific roles for posterior areas in phonology and semantics. Thus, these results suggest an alternative explanation of previously reported phonology-specific effects in the pLIFG

An evidence-based co-occurring disorder intervention in VA homeless programs: outcomes from a hybrid III trial

BACKGROUND: Evidence-based treatment for co-occurring disorders is needed within programs that serve homeless Veterans to assist with increasing engagement in care and to prevent future housing loss. A specialized co-occurring disorders treatment engagement intervention called Maintaining Independence and Sobriety Through Systems Integration, Outreach and Networking - Veterans Edition (MISSION-Vet) was implemented within the Housing and Urban Development - Veterans Affairs Supportive Housing (HUD-VASH) Programs with and without an implementation strategy called Getting To Outcomes (GTO). While implementation was modest for the GTO group, no one adopted MISSION in the non-GTO group. This paper reports Veteran level outcome data on treatment engagement and select behavioral health outcomes for Veterans exposed to the MISSION-Vet model compared to Veterans without access to MISSION-Vet. METHODS: This hybrid Type III trial compared 81 Veterans in the GTO group to a similar group of 87 Veterans with mental health and substance use disorders from the caseload of staff in the non-GTO group. Comparisons were made on treatment engagement, negative housing exits, drug and alcohol abuse, inpatient hospitalizations, emergency department visits and income level over time, using mixed-effect or Cox regression models. RESULTS: Treatment engagement, as measured by the overall number of case manager contacts with Veterans and others (e.g. family members, health providers), was significantly higher among Veterans in the GTO group (B = 2.30, p = .04). Supplemental exploratory analyses between Veterans who received higher and lower intensity MISSION-Vet services in the GTO group failed to show differences in alcohol and drug use, inpatient hospitalization and emergency department use. CONCLUSIONS: Despite modest MISSION-Vet fidelity among staff treating Veterans in the GTO group, differences were found in treatment engagement. However, this study failed to show differences in alcohol use, drug use, mental health hospitalizations and negative housing exits over time among those Veterans receiving higher intensity MISSION-Vet services versus low intensity services. This project suggests that MISSION-Vet could be used in HUD-VASH to increase engagement among Veterans struggling with homelessness, a group often disconnected from care. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinicaltrials.gov, registration number: NCT01430741 , registered July 26, 2011