Twilight of the Mocamo and Guale Aborigines as Portrayed in the 1695 Spanish Visitation

The natives of Mocamo and Guale on the coasts of Georgia and northern Florida were the first with whom the French and then the Spaniards established steady contact in the 1560s and among the first to be missionized. Yet, as scholars have remarked, surprisingly little is known about these people during the historic period either archaeologically or historically. Only for the years 1597-1606 are there detailed published accounts of events in the Guale and Mocamo missions in the works of John Tate Lanning, Maynard Geiger, OFM, and Manuel Serrano y Sanz, and in Kathleen Deagan’s chapter on the eastern Timucua in Tacachale. From 1606 until the 1702 destruction of the remnant of the coastal missions by English and native forces from South Carolina, only fragmentary details about developments in those missions are available. A potentially rich source for the end of this period, the record of the 1695 visitation conducted by Captain Juan de Pueyo, appears to have received little attention to date. The present article provides some of the information contained in that document and conclusions that can be drawn from it and from other pertinent sources

St. Augustine\u27s Fallout from the Yamasee War

Between 1702 and 1705, Englishmen from South Carolina and their Indian allies destroyed all the surviving missions in Spanish Florida from Apalachee to Amelia Island. A remnant Guale population drawn from at least fifteen settlements of coastal Georgia had taken refuge in the 1680s at three mission sites on Amelia Island. In 1702, James Moore, governor at Charles Town, captured and burned St. Augustine. Only the town’s castillo and the refugees it housed survived Moore’s assault. Renewed English and Indian attacks against the inland missions in 1704 and 1705 brought new waves of native refugees to St. Augustine. The greatest influx, however, began in 1715 in the wake of the general uprising among the native inhabitants of South Carolina known as the Yamasee War. Paradoxically, many who came in flight from the failed rebellion had played prominent roles in the destruction of the Florida missions. The influx led to a significant reorganization and the expansion of the native settlements that had appeared in the period 1704-1711 to accommodate refugees from the destroyed missions

Historic Notes and Documents: Evidence Pertinent to the Florida Cabildo Controversy and the Misdating of the Juan Marquez Cabrera Governorship

Before 1764, did Spanish Florida possess the traditional municipal in titution known the cabildo? Since the 1964 publication of John Jay TePask\u27s The Governorship of Spanish Florida, 1700-1763, the more common opinion among authorities on Colonial Florida is that St. Augustine housed the cabildo only from the time of Pedro Menendez de Avile\u27s founding of the city in 1565 until about 1570 when most of his fellow migrants left the colony.1 Paul E. Hoffman and Eugene Lyon took a similar stand in 1969, arguing that because St. Augustine lacked a cabildo in the mid-sixteenth century, the governor could not comply with the Crown\u27s requirement of a yearly audit of accounts by availing himself of the laws that allowed him to audit the royal books with the aid of two regidores and a notary. 2 Amy Bushnell challenged that conventional wisdom a dozen years later in The King\u27s Coffer, maintaining that the cabildo survived in Florida long after the time of Pedro Menendez and presenting as her most detailed evidence the administration of Juan Marquez Cabrera.3 In a more recent work, David J. Weber reaffirmed the older position, highlighting the cabildo\u27s tendency to fall into disuse in frontier communities like St. Augustin in which governors and their subalterns were military officers

Political Leadership Among the Natives of Spanish Florida

When the first Europeans arrived off Florida’s coasts the land was not uninhabited virgin territory but was occupied by many distinct peoples organized into flourishing, complex, chiefdom-level societies of a non-egalitarian nature. Those societies included the Calusa of the Gulf coast from the Charlotte Harbor area southward to the tip of the Florida peninsula; Tocobaga and others who occupied the shores of Tampa Bay and their hinterland; Ais of the Indian River area and its hinterland; various autonomous Timucua-speaking groups of south Georgia and north Florida from the east coast westward to the Aucilla, Withlacoochee, and Oklawaha rivers; Apalachee whose domain extended from the Aucilla to just beyond the Ochlockonee River; Guale of coastal Georgia from the Altamaha River northward; and the Escamacu-Orista and Cayagua along the South Carolina coast from the Savannah River north to the Charleston region

Cloak and Dagger in Apalachicole Province in Early 1686

Stories of espionage awake a certain interest by their very nature. The ones presented here provide the bonus of valuable insights into life in Apalachee and along the Chattahoochee River in 1685-86 in the wake of the arrivial of the first Englishmen in the settlements on that river. It was a turning point in the history of the peoples of those two regions. The spies were Yamasee whom Apalachee\u27s deputy-governor left behind when he ended his second invasion of the Chattahoochee River towns early in 1686. Reports that British traders from the recently founded outpost of Charles Town were in the towns prompted the two sorties

The Oxidation of Nitrogenous Material in Contaminated River Water

A study is made of the rate of oxidation of the nitrogenous material in water taken from the Cedar River above, within and below the city of Cedar Rapids. Some of the carbonaceous material is first oxidized, requiring all of the dissolved oxygen if the sample is highly polluted. If sufficient dissolved oxygen remains, the free ammonia is converted to nitrite form accompanied by a change of the organic nitrogen to ammonia. When nearly all the nitrogen is in nitrite form, further oxidation to nitrate nitrogen occurs

Computational modelling and experimental tank testing of the multi float WaveSub under regular wave forcing

A submerged wave device generates energy from the relative motion of floating bodies. In WaveSub, three floats are joined to a reactor; each connected to a spring and generator. Electricity generated damps the orbital movements of the floats. The forces are non-linear and each float interacts with the others. Tuning to the wave climate is achieved by changing the line lengths, so there is a need to understand the performance trade-offs for a large number of configurations. This requires an efficient, large displacement, multidirectional, multi-body numerical scheme. Results from a 1/25 scale wave basin experiment are described. Here, we show that a time domain linear potential flow formulation (Nemoh, WEC-Sim) can match the tank testing provided that suitably tuned drag coefficients are employed. Inviscid linear potential models can match some wave device experiments; however, additional viscous terms generally provide better accuracy. Scale experiments are also prone to mechanical friction, and we estimate friction terms to improve the correlation further. The resulting error in mean power between numerical and physical models is approximately 10%. Predicted device movement shows a good match. Overall, drag terms in time domain wave energy modelling will improve simulation accuracy in wave renewable energy device design

Detection of missense mutations by single-strand conformational polymorphism (SSCP) analysis in five dysfunctional variants of coagulation factor VII

Five unrelated subjects with dysfunctional coagulation factor VII (FVII) were studied In order to Identify missense mutations affecting function. Exons 2 to 8 and the Intron-exon Junctions of their FVIl genes were amplified from peripheral white blood cell DNA by PCR and screened by SSCP analysis. DNA fragments showing aberrant mobility were sequenced. The following mutations were Identified: In case 1 (FVII: C <1%, FVIl:Ag 18%) a heterozygous A to G transltion at nucleotlde 8915 In exon 6 results In the amlno acid substitution Lys-137 to Glu near the C-termlnus of the FVlla llght chaln; In case 2 (FVII: C 7%, FVll:Ag 47%) a heterozygous A to G transltion at nucleotide 7834 In exon 5 results in the substitution of Gin-100 by Arg in the second EGF-like domain; In case 3 (FVll:C 20%, FVIl:Ag 76%) a homozygous G to A transition at nucleotide position 6055 in exon 4 was detected resulting in substitution of Arg-79 by Gin in the first EGF-like domain; in case 5 (FVIl:C 10%, FVIl:Ag 52%) a heterozygous C to T transition at nucleotide position 6054 in exon 4 also results in the substitution of Arg79, but in this case it is replaced by Trp; case 4 (FVll:C <1%, FVIl:Ag 100%) was homozygous for a previously reported mutation (G to A) at nucleotide position 10715 in exon 8, substituting Gin for Arg at position 304 in the protease domain. Cases 1,2 and 5 evidently have additional undetected mutation

Synthesis of freestanding HfO2 nanostructures

Two new methods for synthesizing nanostructured HfO2 have been developed. The first method entails exposing HfTe2 powders to air. This simple process resulted in the formation of nanometer scale crystallites of HfO2. The second method involved a two-step heating process by which macroscopic, freestanding nanosheets of HfO2 were formed as a byproduct during the synthesis of HfTe2. These highly two-dimensional sheets had side lengths measuring up to several millimeters and were stable enough to be manipulated with tweezers and other instruments. The thickness of the sheets ranged from a few to a few hundred nanometers. The thinnest sheets appeared transparent when viewed in a scanning electron microscope. It was found that the presence of Mn enhanced the formation of HfO2 by exposure to ambient conditions and was necessary for the formation of the large scale nanosheets. These results present new routes to create freestanding nanostructured hafnium dioxide