Emergentism and musicology: an alternative perspective to the understanding of dissonance.

In this paper we develop an approach to musicology within the discussion of emergentism. First of all, we claim that some theories of musicology could be insufficient in describing and explaining musical phenomena when emergent properties are not taken into account. Actually, musicology usually considers just syntactical elements, structures and processes and puts only a little emphasis, if any, over perceptual aspects of human hearing. On the other hand, recent research efforts are currently being directed towards an understanding of the emergent properties of auditory perception, especially in fields such as cognitive science. Such research leads to other views concerning old issues in musicology and could create a fruitful approach, filling the gap between musicology and auditory perception

Dynamic power dissipation formulation for application in dynamic programming buffer insertion algorithm

Buffer insertion is a very effective technique to reduce propagation delay in nano-metre VLSI interconnects. There are two techniques for buffer insertion which are: (1) closed-form solution and (2) dynamic programming. Buffer insertion algorithm using dynamic programming is more useful than the closed-form solution as it allows the use of multiple buffer types and it can be used in tree structured interconnects. As design dimension shrinks, more buffers are needed to improve timing performance. However, the buffer itself consumes power and it has been shown that power dissipation of buffers is significant. Although there are many buffer insertion algorithms that were able to optimize propagation delay with power constraint, most of them used the closed-form solution. Hence, in this paper, we present a formulation to compute dynamic power dissipation of buffers for application in dynamic programming buffer insertion algorithm. The proposed formulation allows dynamic power dissipation of buffers to be computed incrementally. The technique is validated by comparing the formulation with the standard closed-form dynamic power equation. The advantage of the proposed formulation is demonstrated through a series of experiments where it is applied in van Ginneken’s algorithm. The results show that the output of the proposed formulation is consistent with the standard closed-form formulation. Furthermore, it also suggests that the proposed formulation is able to compute dynamic power dissipation for buffer insertion algorithm with multiple buffer types

Long-term therapy with elamipretide normalizes activation of the mitochondrial signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (mstat3) in of left ventricular myocardium of dogs with chronic heart failure

Introduction: The signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) has been identified in mitochondria (MITO) of cardiomyocytes (mSTAT3). In STAT3 -/- cells, the activities of MITO complexes I and II of the electron transport chain (ETC) were reduced suggesting that mSTAT3 is required for optimal ETC function. Deactivation of STAT3, equated with dephosphorylation of tyrosine residues, has been shown to adversely impacted MITO respiration and, consequently, oxidative phosphorylation. We previously showed that long-term (3 months) therapy with elamipretide (ELAM, previously referred to as Bendavia TM, MTP131 or SS31), a novel MITO-targeting peptide, improves LV function and normalizes MITO respiration and rate of ATP synthesis in MITO of LV myocardium of dogs with heart failure (HF). Hypothesis: This study tested the hypothesis that phosphorylation of mSTAT3 (mpSTAT3) is reduced in MITO of LV myocardium of HF dogs and is restored after long-term therapy with ELAM. Methods: LV tissue was obtained from 14 dogs with microembolization-induced HF (LV ejection fraction ∼30%) randomized to 3 months therapy with subcutaneous injections of ELA (0.5 mg/kg once daily, n=7) or saline (Control, n=7). LV tissue from 6 normal (NL) dogs was used for comparison. Protein levels of mSTAT3 and mpSTAT3 were determined in MITO fraction by Western blotting coupled with chemiluminiscence and band intensity was quantified in densitometric units (du). Results: Protein level of mSTAT3 was 0.82±0.05 du in NL, decreased to 0.29±0.03 du in Controls (p Conclusions: mpSTAT3 level is reduced in MITO from LV of HF dogs and restored after chronic therapy with ELAM. Normalization of mpSTAT3 by ELAM likely contributed to be observed improvement in MITO function following therapy with ELAM in HF dogs

Penerapan Multimedia Audio Galery Ilearning Community and Services (Magics) Sebagai Media Penyimpanan Dokumentasi Pada Perguruan Tinggi Raharja

Technology information had a critical role in human life, no exception in education. One of the products technology that is occupied in education is multimedia. Perguruan Tinggi Raharja which applies the methods of iLearning need multimedia in realizing concept 4B. The application of multimedia was meant to make efficiency and effectiveness in the procurement information in form of documentation such as image, audio, and video. However Green Documentation as a file storage in Perguruan Tinggi Raharja is still less than optimal, so the documentation is spread across multiple storage online media. This is because either Green Documentation and media online were available haven't been enough to be storage requirements which covers images, audio, and video in one integrated place that you can share. As a result, students having trouble finding documentation of activities held by the campus. MAGICS is an online media which allows all documentation can be arranged neatly to facilitate searches. This paper tries to describe the problems and solving in an information systems, especially in terms of documentation. Implementation of MAGICS can be used as a solution for providing file storage and file sharing in the application of learning method (iLearning)

Long-term vascular access ports as a means of sedative administration in a rodent fMRI survival model

The purpose of this study is to develop a rodent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) survival model with the use of heparin-coated vascular access devices. Such a model would ease the administration of sedative agents, reduce the number of animals required in survival experiments and eliminate animal-to-animal variability seen in previous designs. Seven male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent surgical placement of an MRI-compatible vascular access port, followed by implantable electrode placement on the right median nerve. Functional MRI during nerve stimulation and resting-state functional connectivity MRI (fcMRI) were performed at times 0, 2, 4, 8 and 12 weeks postoperatively using a 9.4 T scanner. Anesthesia was maintained using intravenous dexmedetomidine and reversed using atipamezole. There were no fatalities or infectious complications during this study. All vascular access ports remained patent. Blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) activation by electrical stimulation of the median nerve using implanted electrodes was seen within the forelimb sensory region (S1FL) for all animals at all time points. The number of activated voxels decreased at time points 4 and 8 weeks, returning to a normal level at 12 weeks, which is attributed to scar tissue formation and resolution around the embedded electrode. The applications of this experiment extend far beyond the scope of peripheral nerve experimentation. These vascular access ports can be applied to any survival MRI study requiring repeated medication administration, intravenous contrast, or blood sampling

Informed choice - the timing of postpartum contraceptive initiation

Background. In South Africa injectable progestogen-only contraceptives (IPC) are typically administered to women immediately after delivery. Several guidelines advise that breast-feeding women should not commence IPC until 6 weeks postpartum on the basis of theoretical risks to the infant.Objective. We examined women's preferences regarding timing of postpartum IPC initiation, as well as women's contraceptive and breast-feeding behaviours and pregnancy risk in the early postpartum period.Design and data collection. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 200 antenatal clinic (ANC) attendees and 180 mothers attending a child health clinic. (CHC). At the ANC, women were given information on the theoretical risks of IPC and re-interviewed about their postpartum contraceptive intentions.Results. Most ANC women planned to use IPCs (92%) and to breast-feed (98%) after delivery. Most CHC mothers had used IPCs (91 %) and had breast-fed (83%) after delivery. When women at the ANC were provided with appropriate information they made decisions about when to initiate IPC by balancing the theoretical risks of IPC to their infant against their personal risk of pregnancy and ability to return to a clinic in the early postpartum period.Conclusion. It is important to include informed choice in postpartum IPC initiation guidelines