De-bottle Necking Polyethylene Plant Due to Butene Shortage: a Multi-attribute Decision Analysis Using SMART

The E.P Company supplies the customers with varieties of polyethylene products, to increase production capacity on the Low Linear Density Polyethylene (LLDPE) film grade, De-bottle necking in Reactor-2 (reactor dedicated to produce LLDPE grade) done by changing the condensing agent from Isohexane to Isopentane. Due to the production capacity and reliability on the reactor-2 increase, the demand for raw material Butene increase as Butene use as commonomer in the reactor-2 production. In other hand the Butene plant production decrease because of reduction of cooling capacity and efficiency, this condition create gap on the supply and demand for the Butene. The study objective to be achieved is to find the best solution to overcome Butene shortage problem to produce LLDPE polyethylene with considering the decision maker consideration and at optimize the cost. To achieve that objective, the SMART (Simple Multi Attribute Rating Technique) apply to enable decision maker to gain and increased understanding of his or her decision problem. To fulfill the gap on the supply and demand for Butene, a value tree is created, divided into two component cost and benefit. The study found that the best option for the company is to import Butene from outside (with the condition the new Butene sphere needs to be constructed). This option is recommended for implementation even thought it has the value of benefit at 2nd place (50.9), since a move to the option at 1st place (68.6) is expensive considering that each point increase in the value of benefits would cost $USD 515,001.4 and at total$ USD 9,115,524/ year. This option also solves the problem, from attributes view

Pendugaan Defisit Air Tanaman Jarak (Ricinus Communis L) Berdasarkan Model Simulasi Dinamika Air Tanah(prediction Water Deficit Of Castor Oil (Ricinus Communis L) With Dynamic Soil-water Model Simulation)

Construction dynamic model soil – water that describes relationships between crop growth and development and environmental factors (weather and soil) can be further developed to be employed as a decision support tool . The objectives of the research : (1) to know interaction of factor weather , soil, castor oil crop, (2) construction dynamic model soil – water , (3) monitoring water deficit factor at level of water irrigation. The research consisted field observation and construction model. The experimental results were used to determine quantitative relationships to obtain model parameters, calibration, and validation. This research was conducted in field experimental station of Balitpa Sukamandi, and it was arranged in split plot design with three replications. Two variety of castor oil as main plot design were : (1) ASB 81, (2) ASB 60. Three levels of water irrigation as sub plot design were : (1) No water irrigation, (2) ½ ETp, (3) 1 ETp. Field measurements included weather variables, soil, and crop. The t-test does not indicate significant difference between observed and predicted soil water content. The model is valid and reasonably well for predicting soil water content as long as castor growth . The dynamic model soil-water can be employed as a decision support tool in the management of castor oil plantations in Indonesia

Pemodelan Tanaman Jarak Pagar (Jatropha Curcas L.) Berbasis Efisiensi Penggunaan Radiasi Surya,ketersediaan Air Dan Nitrogen(crop Modeling of Jarak Pagar (Jatropha Curcas L.) Based on Radiation Use Efficiency,water and Nitrogen Available)

A number of crop growth simulation models have been developed using the radiation use efficiency (RUE) concept to predict crop growth and yield in various environments. These models generally calculate daily biomass production as the product of the quantity of radiation intercepted and RUE. Besides that biomass production was deterimined by water and nitrogen available factor. So, this research was carried out to quantify the RUE, biomass and leaf area index on Jatropha under rainfall condition, four levels of nitrogen fertilizer (N) and two and three population densities (P) planted twice. The experiments used a systematic Nelder fan design with 9 spokes and 4 – 5 rings were conducted at SEAMEO-BIOTROP field experiment in 2007. Data from the first experiment were used for parameterization and calibration and the second experiment data for model validation. Based on parameterization, we found that RUE can prediction above ground biomass accumulation of Jatropha were 0.94 (r=0.83) g MJ-1 to 1.3 (r=0.75) g MJ-1. Water availability was between ψ=-30 kpa and ψ=-1.5 MPa for field capacity and wilting point, respectively. Nitrogen demand of root, stem, leaf and grain N were (Ndemr=0.75), (Ndems=0.60), (Ndeml=2.53), and (Ndemg=2.41), respectively. Validation showed that model can simulate crop growth and development of Jatropha

Efisiensi Penggunaan Radiasi Surya dan sebagai Dasar dalam Model Jarak Pagar(radiation Use Efficiency AS Basis The Crops Modeling Of Jatropha)

Plant growth interpretation in term of accumulated intercepted solar radiation and the radiation use efficiency (RUE) was used to study the growth and analysis of Jatropha (Jatropha curcas L.). A number of crop growth simulation models have been developed using the RUE concept to predict crop growth and yield in various environments. These models generally calculate daily biomass production as the product of the quantity of radiation intercepted and RUE. This research was carried out to quantify the RUE, biomass and leaf area index on Jatropha under rainfall condition, four levels of nitrogen fertilizer (N) and three population densities (P) planted twice. The experiments used a systematic Nelder fan design with 9 spokes and 4 – 5 rings were conducted at SEAMEO-BIOTROP field experiment in 2007. Data from the first experiment were used for parameterization and calibration and the second experiment data for model validation. Values of RUE were determined by nitrogen fertilizer and plant density. Based on parameterization, we found that RUE for prediction above ground biomass accumulation of Jatropha were 0.94 (r=0.83) g MJ-1 to 1.3 (r=0.75) g MJ-1. Validation between model prediction and field experimental data showed that model can simulate crop growth and development of Jatropha

Pengaruh Temperatur Terhadap Degradasi Pigmen Tomat Dalam Beberapa Jenis Minyak Nabati Komersial

The study of vegetable oils fortified with crude extract of carotenoid pigments from tomatothat contains lycopene as dominant antioxidant compounds becomes an interesting researchto be done. The aim of this research is testing the stability of the pigment of tomatoesextracts in the vegetable oil treated on some temperature levels. Spectroscopy method isused to measure the respond of pigment stability in fortified vegetables oils which treated bytemperature from 250C to 700C. Before the measurement is done by a spectrophotometerwhich connected to the thermostat, as much as 1 mg of extract pigment of tomatoes in crystalform was weighed for per sampel, then dissolved into 10 ml palm oil, coconut oil, sunflowerseed oil, and canola oil separately. The results showed that the temperature treatment causesthe value of the optical absorption decreased, which means that the pigment moleculesexperienced instability. The amount of impairment of the optical absorption withtemperature treatment from 250C to 700C at a wavelength of 482 nm, respectively, are: palmoil (Abs = 0.201); coconut oil (Abs = 0.213), sunflower oil (Abs = 0.232); and canola oil(Abs = 0.260). Decreasing value of absorbance (Abs) also indicates the lycopenedegradation that formed the derivatives molecule of this pigment