The Location Dynamics of Firms in Transitional Shanghai, 1978-2005

China’s economic reform started in 1978 has brought in profound changes to firms by transforming the state-owned-enterprises and by encouraging the growth of the non-state sector business. These changes have been accompanied by broader institutional changes and economic restructuring in the cities, especially in the larger ones. This paper focuses on the changing spatial distribution patterns and the underlying location factors of firms in different sectors within Shanghai, one of China’s largest and most dynamic cities. The central research question is raised as do the rapidly changing spatial patterns of corporate activities within Shanghai since the onset of China's economic reform reflect the influence of market forces? Data were collected from Shanghai Administration of Industry and Commerce. Both GIS mapping and statistics (i.e. Moran’s Index, density gradient) were used to assess the spatial distribution pattern of firms in Shanghai. An empirical model derived from neo-classical location theory is employed to examine the location factors of firms in different sectors. Findings of the paper indicate that the spatial distribution and location factors of firms in Shanghai demonstrate the city’s unique urban restructuring process, which is closely related to the city’s specific economic stage and unique “transitional” characteristics. However, market forces do play an increasingly import role in firm’s location-choice behavior in Shanghai. This study contributes to the understanding of firm location dynamics in post-socialist cities

Understanding Governance Structures in Shaping Greenway Implementation in City-Regions: A Case Study in Central Zhejiang Province, China

Greenway implementation in city-regions is a collective action involving a complex range of relations between regional and local agencies, between government departments at the same administrative level, and between adjacent jurisdictions. This paper explores how greenway implementation governance is structured, and why different governance structures result in different greenway implementation processes and outcomes in a city-region. We use a case study approach to a greenway project in central Zhejiang Province (CCCZ), where data are collected through field reconnaissance, in-depth interviews, and document analysis. Preliminary findings reveal that the central Zhejiang Greenway Project has experienced a development from ‘territorially-specialized governance’ to ‘cross-scale governance’. ‘Double-hatted’ agencies comprising government leaders and professional representatives from different agencies can create cross-scale institutional linkages both vertically (across levels of governments) and horizontally (across jurisdictions an

Posterolateral Lumbar Spinal Fusion with Autogenous Bone Chips from Laminectomy Extended with OsteoSet®

BackgroundThis study was conducted to evaluate posterolateral lumbar fusion with autogenous corticocancellous bone chips from the laminae and spinous processes extended with OsteoSet® instead of cancellous bone from the iliac crest.MethodsA total of 124 patients who underwent posterior decompression and posterolateral fusion with instrumentation between May 2001 and December 2003 were analyzed retrospectively. The study population comprised 49 males and 75 females with a mean age of 66 ± 9.5 years. In all the patients, corticocancellous bone chips from laminectomy and OsteoSet® were used as the graft material. There was no cancellous bone harvested from the iliac crest. The follow-up period was 28 + 7.1 months.ResultsThe overall union rate was 91%, and the average union time was 3.9 months. There were 3 complications, including 2 patients with dura tear, and 1 with deep infection. At the final follow-up, the good and excellent results were up to 83.9%.ConclusionGraft material from laminae and spinous processes extended with OsteoSet® is reliable and effective enough to replace the graft from the posterior iliac crest

2D perovskite stabilized phase-pure formamidinium perovskite solar cells.

Compositional engineering has been used to overcome difficulties in fabricating high-quality phase-pure formamidinium perovskite films together with its ambient instability. However, this comes alongside an undesirable increase in bandgap that sacrifices the device photocurrent. Here we report the fabrication of phase-pure formamidinium-lead tri-iodide perovskite films with excellent optoelectronic quality and stability. Incorporation of 1.67 mol% of 2D phenylethylammonium lead iodide into the precursor solution enables the formation of phase-pure formamidinium perovskite with an order of magnitude enhanced photoluminescence lifetime. The 2D perovskite spontaneously forms at grain boundaries to protect the formamidinium perovskite from moisture and suppress ion migration. A stabilized power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 20.64% (certified stabilized PCE of 19.77%) is achieved with a short-circuit current density exceeding 24 mA cm-2 and an open-circuit voltage of 1.130 V, corresponding to a loss-in-potential of 0.35 V, and significantly enhanced operational stability