Effect of distribution of stickers along backbone on temperature-dependent structural properties in associative polymer solutions

Effect of distribution of stickers along the backbone on structural properties in associating polymer solutions is studied using self-consistent field lattice model. Only two inhomogeneous morphologies, i.e., microfluctuation homogenous (MFH) and micelle morphologies, are observed. If the system is cooled, the solvent content within the aggregates decreases. When the spacing of stickers along the backbone is increased the temperature-dependent range of aggregation in MFH morphology and half-width of specific heat peak for homogenous solutions-MFH transition increase, and the symmetry of the peak decreases. However, with increasing spacing of stickers, the above three corresponding quantities related to micelles behave differently. It is demonstrated that the broad nature of the observed transitions can be ascribed to the structural changes which accompany the replacement of solvents in aggregates by polymer, which is consistent with the experimental conclusion. It is found that different effect of spacing of stickers on the two transitions can be interpreted in terms of intrachain and interchain associations.Comment: 10 pages, 4 figures. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1202.459

Macroscopical Entangled Coherent State Generator in V configuration atom system

In this paper, we propose a scheme to produce pure and macroscopical entangled coherent state. When a three-level ''V'' configuration atom interacts with a doubly reasonant cavity, under the strong classical driven condition, entangled coherent state can be generated from vacuum fields. An analytical solution for this system under the presence of cavity losses is also given

Prediction of combustion instability limit cycle oscillations by combining flame describing function simulations with a thermoacoustic network model

Accurate prediction of limit cycle oscillations resulting from combustion instability has been a long-standing challenge. The present work uses a coupled approach to predict the limit cycle characteristics of a combustor, developed at Cambridge University, for which experimental data are available (Balachandran, Ph.D. thesis, 2005). The combustor flame is bluff-body stabilised, turbulent and partially-premixed. The coupled approach combines Large Eddy Simulation (LES) in order to characterise the weakly non-linear response of the flame to acoustic perturbations (the Flame Describing Function (FDF)), with a low order thermoacoustic network model for capturing the acoustic wave behaviour. The LES utilises the open source Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) toolbox, OpenFOAM, with a low Mach number approximation for the flow-field and combustion modelled using the PaSR (Partially Stirred Reactor) model with a global one-step chemical reaction mechanism for ethylene/air. LES has not previously been applied to this partially-premixed flame, to our knowledge. Code validation against experimental data for unreacting and partially-premixed reacting flows without and with inlet velocity perturbations confirmed that both the qualitative flame dynamics and the quantitative response of the heat release rate were captured with very reasonable accuracy. The LES was then used to obtain the full FDF at conditions corresponding to combustion instability, using harmonic velocity forcing across six frequencies and four forcing amplitudes. The low order thermoacoustic network modelling tool used was the open source OSCILOS (http://www.oscilos.com). Validation of its use for limit cycle prediction was performed for a well-documented experimental configuration, for which both experimental FDF data and limit cycle data were available. The FDF data from the LES for the present test case was then imported into the OSCILOS geometry network and limit cycle oscillations of frequency 342 Hz and normalised velocity amplitude of 0.26 were predicted. These were in good agreement with the experimental values of 348 Hz and 0.21 respectively. This work thus confirms that a coupled numerical prediction of limit cycle behaviour is possible using an entirely open source numerical framework

The Effect of Scattering on Pulsar Polarization Angle

The low-frequency profiles of some pulsars manifest temporal broadening due to scattering, usually accompanied by flat polarization position angle (PA) curves. Assuming that the scattering works on the 4 Stokes parameters in the same way, we have simulated the effect of scattering on polarization profiles and find that the scattering can indeed flatten the PA curves. Since the higher-frequency profiles suffer less from scattering, they are convolved with scattering models to fit the observed low-frequency profiles. The calculated flat PA curves exactly reproduce the corresponding observations.Comment: 4 pages. Accepted by A&

Discovery of a new supernova remnant G150.3+4.5

Large-scale radio continuum surveys have good potential for discovering new Galactic supernova remnants (SNRs). Surveys of the Galactic plane are often limited in the Galactic latitude of |b| ~ 5 degree. SNRs at high latitudes, such as the Cygnus Loop or CTA~1, cannot be detected by surveys in such limited latitudes. Using the available Urumqi 6 cm Galactic plane survey data, together with the maps from the extended ongoing 6 cm medium latitude survey, we wish to discover new SNRs in a large sky area. We searched for shell-like structures and calculated radio spectra using the Urumqi 6 cm, Effelsberg 11 cm, and 21 cm survey data. Radio polarized emission and evidence in other wavelengths are also examined for the characteristics of SNRs. We discover an enclosed oval-shaped object G150.3+4.5 in the 6 cm survey map. It is about 2.5 degree wide and 3 degree high. Parts of the shell structures can be identified well in the 11 cm, 21 cm, and 73.5 cm observations. The Effelsberg 21 cm total intensity image resembles most of the structures of G150.3+4.5 seen at 6 cm, but the loop is not closed in the northwest. High resolution images at 21 cm and 73.5 cm from the Canadian Galactic Plane Survey confirm the extended emission from the eastern and western shells of G150.3+4.5. We calculated the radio continuum spectral indices of the eastern and western shells, which are $\beta \sim -2.4$ and $\beta \sim -2.7$ between 6 cm and 21 cm, respectively. The shell-like structures and their non-thermal nature strongly suggest that G150.3+4.5 is a shell-type SNR. For other objects in the field of view, G151.4+3.0 and G151.2+2.6, we confirm that the shell-like structure G151.4+3.0 very likely has a SNR origin, while the circular-shaped G151.2+2.6 is an HII region with a flat radio spectrum, associated with optical filamentary structure, H$\alpha$, and infrared emission.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures, accepted for publication of Astronomy and Astrophysic

Energy efficiency convergence across countries in the context of China's Belt and Road initiative

© 2018 Elsevier Ltd After China launched its “Belt and Road” (BR) initiative, the international community became concerned that it may worsen the environmental performance of the BR countries. Due to a lack of data for empirical testing, this paper addresses this concern through an indirect method and draws the implications of the potential impacts of China's BR initiative. This method empirically examines the effects of trade integration and regional cooperation, two major functions of the BR initiative, on energy efficiency (EE) convergence, a concept that describes the catching up process of EE across countries. A sample of 89 countries was selected to analyse the process of EE convergence from 2000 to 2014. The results indicate that although the gaps in EE among countries around the world become larger after 2010, regional cooperation may lead to a convergence process. It also finds that trade integration has a positive influence on convergence across the countries, especially among middle- and low-income countries. The results suggest that the BR initiative, through its roles in trade integration and regional cooperation, may promote EE convergence among countries. This is a desirable environmental outcome. This research also provides policy implications for both China and the other BR countries