Hydrated copper and gold monovalent cations: Ab initio study

To understand the hydration phenomena of noble transition metals, we investigated the structures, hydration energies, electronic properties, and spectra of the Cu+(H3O)(1-6) and Au+ (H2O)(1-6) clusters using ab initio calculations. The coordination numbers of these clusters are found to be only two, which is highly contrasted to those of Ag+ (H2O)(n) (which have the coordination numbers of 3-4) as well as the hydrated alkali metal ions (which have the coordination numbers of similar to6). For the possible identification of their interesting hydration structures, we predict their IR spectra for the OH stretch modes. (C) 2005 American Institute of Physics.open384

Allelic and Haplotypic Diversity of HLA-A, -B, -C, and-DRB1 Genes in Koreans Defined by High-resolution DNA Typing

배경 : HLA 형별은 혈청학적 수준(generic level)에서도 다형성이 심하지만 대립유전자 수준에서는 더욱 심한 다형성을 보이고 인종 간에 큰 차이를 나타내는 것으로 알려졌다. 본 연구에서는 고해상도 DNA 검사법을 이용하여 한국인에서 HLA대립유전자 형별과 일배체형의 종류 및 빈도를 알아보고자 하였다. 방법 : 건강한 한국인 474명을 대상으로 HLA-A, -B, -C, -DRB1 유전자에 대해 두 단계의 검사로 대립유전자(4자리수) 형별 분석을 실시하였다. 1단계로 혈청학적 수준의 형별검사를 혈청학적 검사법이나 sequence-specific oligonucleotide(PCR-SSO) 방법으로 시행하였고, 그 다음 단계로 대립유전자 형별검사를 class I은 exon 2와 exon3, DRB1은 exon 2에 대해 single-strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) 또는 직접염기서열분석법을 이용하여 실시하였다. HLA 대립 유전자의 유전자 빈도, 일배체형 빈도, 연쇄불평형 값은 maximum likelihood 원리에 근거한 제11차 국제조직적합성워크숍 컴퓨터 프로그램을 이용하여 산출하였다. 결과 : 한국인에서 검출된 HLA-A, -B, -C, DRB1 대립유전자 형별은 각각 21, 40, 22, 29종이었다. 이 중에 유전자 빈도 10% 이상을 보인 대립유전자 형별(빈도순 나열)은 A*02:01, A*24:02, A*33:03; B*51:01; C*01:02, C*03:03; RB1*09:01등이었다. HLA 일배체형의 분석 결과 0.5% 이상의 빈도를 나타내는 2-유전자좌 일배체형은 A-C 44종, B-C 42종, A-B 51종, B-DRB1 52종이었고, 3-유전자좌 일배체형은 A-C-B 42종, A-B-DRB1 34종이었다. 한국인에서 빈도 1% 이상의 A-B-DR 일배체형은 13종으로, 전체 일배체형의 26.0%를 차지하였고, 2% 이상으로 가장 흔한 A-B-DR 일배체형은 A*33:03-B*44:03-DRB1*13:02 (3.7%), A*33:03-B*44:03-DRB1*07:01 (3.0%), A*33:03-B*58:01-DRB1*13:02 (3.0%), A*24:02-B*07:02-DRB1*01:01 (2.8%), A*30:01-B*13:02-DRB1* 07:01 (2.3%), A*11:01-B*15:01-DRB1*04:06 (2.2%) 등 6종이었다. 결론 : 본 연구를 통해 한국인의 대립유전자 수준의 HLA 형별과 HLA 일배체형 빈도에 대한 자료를 제시하였으며, 본 연구의 결과는 한국인에서 장기이식, 질환연관성 연구, 인류유전학적 연구 등에서 중요한 기초자료로 이용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다. Background : In this study, we used high-resolution DNA typing to investigate the distribution of HLA alleles and haplotypes in Koreans. Methods : HLA-A, -B, -C, and -DRB1 alleles were genotyped at the allelic (4-digit) level in 474 healthy Koreans. HLA genotyping was performed in two steps. Initially, serologic typing or generic-level DNA typing was performed using the FOR-sequence-specific oligonucleotide method, and then allelic DNA typing (exons 2 and 3 for class I, and exon 2 for DRB1) was carried out using the FOR-single-strand conformation polymorphism method or sequence-based typing. HLA allele and haplotype frequencies and linkage disequilibrium values were calculated by the maximum likelihood method using a computer program developed for the 11th International Histocompatibility Workshop. Results : A total of 21 HLA-A, 40 HLA-B, 22 HLA-C, and 29 HLA-DRB1 alleles were found in Koreans. The most frequent alleles in each locus with frequencies of >= 10% were, in decreasing order of frequency, as follows: A star 24:02, A star 02:01, A(star)33:03; B(star)51:01; C(star)01:02, C(star)03:03; and DRB1(star)09:01. The numbers of two- and three-locus haplotypes with frequencies of >0.5% were as follows: 44 A-C, 42 B-C, 51 A-B, 52 B-DRB1, 42 A-C-B, and 34 A-B-DRB1. Thirteen A-B-DRB1 haplotypes with frequencies of >= 1.0% comprised 26.0% of the total haplotypes. The six most common haplotypes were as follows: A(star)33:03-B(star)44:03-DRB1(star)3:02 (3.7%), A(star)33:03-B(star)44:03-DRB1(star)07:01 (3.0%), A(star)33:03-B(star)58: 01-DRB1(star)13:02 (3.0%), A(star)24:02-B(star)07:02-DRB1(star)01:01 (2.8%), A(star)30:01-B(star)13:02-DRB1(star)07:01 (2.3%), and A(star)11:01-B(star)15:01-DR81(star)04:06 (2.2%). Conclusions : The information obtained in this study can be used as basic data for Koreans in the fields of organ transplantation, disease association, and anthropologic studies. 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A Case of Hypersensitivity to Mosquito Bite Associated with Epstein-Barr Viral Infection and Natural Killer Cell Lymphocytosis

Hypersensitivity to mosquito bites (HMB) is a disorder characterized by a necrotic skin reaction and generalized symptoms subsequent to mosquito bites. It has been suggested that HMB is associated with chronic Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection and natural killer cell leukemia/lymphoma. We describe here a Korean child who had HMB associated with chronic EBV infection and natural killer cell lymphocytosis. A 5-yr-old boy was suffered from necrotic skin lesions on the right ear lobe. Type A EB virus was detected from hlood cells and bone marrow biospy recognized hemophagocyrosis

Evaluation of 28 Human Embryonic Stem Cell Lines for Use as Unrelated Donors in Stem Cell Therapy: Implications of HLA and ABO Genotypes

For human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) to be used clinically, it is imperative that immune responses evoked by hESCs and their derivates after transplantation should be prevented. Human leukocyte antigens (HLA) and ABO blood group antigens are important histocompatibility factors in graft rejection. HLA matching between recipient and unrelated donors, in particular, is important in improving outcomes in hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). We have established and successfully maintained 29 hESC lines and analyzed the HLA and ABO genotypes of these lines. HLA-A, -B, -C and -DR (DRB1) genotyping was performed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) sequence-based typing and ABO genotyping was carried out by PCR restriction fragment length polymorphism methods. To determine what proportion of the Korean population would be covered by these cell lines in organ transplantation, 27 cell lines with HLA-A, -B, and -DR data were evaluated for HCT (cord blood) donors and 28 cell lines with HLA-DR and ABO data were evaluated for solid organ (kidney) transplantation donors, and then compared the data with those from 6,740 donated cord bloods. When <= 2 HLA mismatches are allowed for HCT, as currently accepted for cord blood transplantation, it was estimated that about 16% and 25% of the possible recipients can find one or more donor cell lines with mismatches at A, B, DRB1 allele level and at A, B antigen/DRB1 allele level, respectively. When HLA-DR antigen level matching and ABO compatibility was considered for solid organ (kidney) transplantation, it was estimated that about 29% and 96% of the possible recipients can find one or more ABO-compatible donor cell lines with 0 and 1 DR mismatches, respectively. We provided the first report on the HLA and ABO genotypes of hESC lines, and estimated the degree of HLA and ABO matching in organ transplantation for the Korean population.Yu JY, 2009, SCIENCE, V324, P797, DOI 10.1126/science.1172482Kaji K, 2009, NATURE, V458, P771, DOI 10.1038/nature07864Lee JY, 2010, FERTIL STERIL, V93, P976, DOI 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2008.10.017Holdsworth R, 2009, TISSUE ANTIGENS, V73, P95, DOI 10.1111/j.1399-0039.2008.01183.xLehec SC, 2009, CELL TRANSPLANT, V18, P941, DOI 10.3727/096368909X471323Oishi K, 2009, CELL TRANSPLANT, V18, P581Molne J, 2008, TRANSPLANTATION, V86, P1407, DOI 10.1097/TP.0b013e31818a6805Fernandes AM, 2010, CELL TRANSPLANT, V19, P509, DOI 10.3727/096368909X485067Stadtfeld M, 2008, SCIENCE, V322, P945, DOI 10.1126/science.1162494Wang GW, 2005, BIOCHEM BIOPH RES CO, V330, P934, DOI 10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.03.058Hoffman LM, 2005, NAT BIOTECHNOL, V23, P699, DOI 10.1038/nbt1102Li Y, 2005, BIOTECHNOL BIOENG, V91, P688, DOI 10.1002/bit.20536Vallier L, 2005, J CELL SCI, V118, P4495, DOI 10.1242/jcs.02553Taylor CJ, 2005, LANCET, V366, P2019Boyd AS, 2005, ADV DRUG DELIVER REV, V57, P1944, DOI 10.1016/j.addr.2005.08.004Ludwig TE, 2006, NAT BIOTECHNOL, V24, P185, DOI 10.1038/nbt1177Drukker M, 2006, STEM CELLS, V24, P221, DOI 10.1634/stemcells.2005-0188Priddle H, 2006, STEM CELLS, V24, P815, DOI 10.1634/stemcells.2005-0356Reubinoff BE, 2000, NAT BIOTECHNOL, V18, P399Amit M, 2000, DEV BIOL, V227, P271Xu CH, 2001, NAT BIOTECHNOL, V19, P971Drukker M, 2002, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V99, P9864, DOI 10.1073/pnas.142298299Richards M, 2002, NAT BIOTECHNOL, V20, P933, DOI 10.1038/nbt726Bradley JA, 2002, NAT REV IMMUNOL, V2, P859, DOI 10.1038/nri934Amit M, 2003, BIOL REPROD, V68, P2150, DOI 10.1095/biolreprod.102.012583Li L, 2004, STEM CELLS, V22, P448Drukker M, 2004, TRENDS BIOTECHNOL, V22, P136, DOI 10.1016/j.tibtech.2004.01.003Thomson JA, 1998, SCIENCE, V282, P1145Petersdorf EW, 1999, CURR OPIN IMMUNOL, V11, P521Bodnar MS, 2004, STEM CELLS DEV, V13, P243Koivisto H, 2004, REPROD BIOMED ONLINE, V9, P330Rocha V, 2004, NEW ENGL J MED, V351, P2276Laughlin MJ, 2004, NEW ENGL J MED, V351, P2265Lee JB, 2005, BIOL REPROD, V72, P42, DOI 10.1095/biolrepod.104.033480Xu RH, 2005, NAT METHODS, V2, P185, DOI 10.1038/NMETH744Beattie GM, 2005, STEM CELLS, V23, P489, DOI 10.1634/stemcells.2004-0279Genbacev O, 2005, FERTIL STERIL, V83, P1517, DOI 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2005.01.086Oh SKW, 2006, CLIN EXP PHARMACOL P, V33, P489Skottman H, 2006, FEBS LETT, V580, P2875, DOI 10.1016/j.febslet.2006.03.083Xiao L, 2006, STEM CELLS, V24, P1476, DOI 10.1634/stemcells.2005-0299Stussi G, 2006, TRANSFUS APHER SCI, V35, P59, DOI 10.1016/j.transci.2006.05.009Takahashi K, 2006, CELL, V126, P663Guhr A, 2006, STEM CELLS, V24, P2187, DOI 10.1634/stemcells.2006-0053Klumpp TR, 2006, BONE MARROW TRANSPL, V38, P615, DOI 10.1038/sj.bmt.1705496Nakajima F, 2007, STEM CELLS, V25, P983, DOI 10.1634/stemcells.2006-0566Huangfu DW, 2008, NAT BIOTECHNOL, V26, P1269, DOI 10.1038/nbt.1502Petersdorf EW, 2008, CURR OPIN IMMUNOL, V20, P588, DOI 10.1016/j.coi.2008.06.014Chen YT, 2008, STEM CELLS DEV, V17, P853, DOI 10.1089/scd.2007.0226Park IH, 2008, CELL, V134, P877, DOI 10.1016/j.cell.2008.07.041Swijnenburg RJ, 2008, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V105, P12991, DOI 10.1073/pnas.0805802105Unger C, 2008, HUM MOL GENET, V17, pR48, DOI 10.1093/hmg/ddn079Drukker M, 2008, SEMIN IMMUNOL, V20, P123, DOI 10.1016/j.smim.2007.11.002Revazova ES, 2008, CLONING STEM CELLS, V10, P11, DOI 10.1089/clo.2007.0063Mountford JC, 2008, TRANSFUSION MED, V18, P1, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-3148.2007.00807.xPark IH, 2008, NATURE, V451, P141, DOI 10.1038/nature06534Nakagawa M, 2008, NAT BIOTECHNOL, V26, P101, DOI 10.1038/nbt1374Buzzeo MP, 2008, CELL TRANSPLANT, V17, P489Kamani N, 2008, BIOL BLOOD MARROW TR, V14, P1, DOI 10.1016/j.bbmt.2007.11.003Saric T, 2008, CELLS TISSUES ORGANS, V188, P78, DOI 10.1159/000118784Navarro-Alvarez N, 2008, CELL TRANSPLANT, V17, P27KASTENBERG ZJ, 2008, TRANSPLANT REV ORLAN, V22, P215Lee SJ, 2007, BLOOD, V110, P4576, DOI 10.1182/blood-2007-06-097386Shaw BE, 2007, BLOOD, V110, P4560, DOI 10.1182/blood-2007-06-095265Strom S, 2007, HUM REPROD, V22, P3051, DOI 10.1093/humep/dem35Lin G, 2007, CELL RES, V17, P999, DOI 10.1038/cr.2007.97Crook JM, 2007, CELL STEM CELL, V1, P490Helming AM, 2007, PEDIATR BLOOD CANCER, V49, P313, DOI 10.1002/pbc.21025Cabrera CM, 2007, CELL BIOL INT, V31, P1072, DOI 10.1016/j.cellbi.2007.03.015Lei T, 2007, CELL RES, V17, P682, DOI 10.1038/cr.2007.61Okita K, 2007, NATURE, V448, P313, DOI 10.1038/nature05934Wernig M, 2007, NATURE, V448, P318, DOI 10.1038/nature05944Maherali N, 2007, CELL STEM CELL, V1, P55, DOI 10.1016/j.stem.2007.05.014Eapen M, 2007, LANCET, V369, P1947

Effects of Korean Red Ginseng (Panax ginseng), urushiol (Rhus vernicifera Stokes), and probiotics (Lactobacillus rhamnosus R0011 and Lactobacillus acidophilus R0052) on the gut–liver axis of alcoholic liver disease

AbstractBackgroundRoles of immune reaction and toll-like receptor-4 (TLR-4) have widely been established in the pathogenesis of alcoholic liver disease (ALD).MethodsWe evaluated the biologic efficacy of Korean Red Ginseng (KRG), urushiol, and probiotics (Lactobacillus rhamnosus R0011 and Lactobacillus acidophilus R0052) in mouse models of ALD. Sixty C57BL/6 mice were equally divided into six feeding groups for 10 weeks: normal diet, alcohol, control, alcohol + KRG, alcohol + urushiol, and alcohol + probiotics. Alcohol was administered via a Lieber–DeCarli liquid diet containing 10% alcohol. TLR-4 expression, proinflammatory cytokines, and histology, as well as the results of liver function tests were evaluated and compared.ResultsNo between-group differences were observed with regard to liver function. TLR-4 levels were significantly lower in the KRG, urushiol, and probiotics groups than in the alcohol group (0.37 ± 0.06 ng/mL, 0.39 ± 0.12 ng/mL, and 0.33 ± 0.07 ng/mL, respectively, vs. 0.88 ± 0.31 ng/mL; p < 0.05). Interleukin-1β levels in liver tissues were decreased among the probiotics and KRG groups. The tumor necrosis factor-α level of liver tissue was decreased in the KRG group.ConclusionThe pathological findings showed that alcohol-induced steatosis was significantly reduced by KRG and urushiol. As these agents improve immunologic capacity, they may be considered in potential anti-ALD treatments

Pattern of Hepatitis A Incidence According to Area Characteristics Using National Health Insurance Data

Objectives: Over the past several years, the incidence of hepatitis A infection has been increasing rapidly in the young-adult population in Korea. We examined the effects of area-level socioeconomic status and environmental hygiene on the incidence of hepatitis A. Methods: This study is based on the registered national population of Korea and the national health insurance data from 2004 to 2008. A total of 73 459 individuals were confirmed to have had hepatitis A. The standardized incidences of hepatitis A in 232 districts adjusted for sex and age of people were calculated for each year, and the rate ratios of the incidence rates were estimated according to area-level socioeconomic status and environmental hygiene using multiple Poisson regression models. Results: The incidence rates of hepatitis A infection were 15.6 (per 100 000) in 2004, 19.0 (per 100 000) in 2005, 27.2 (per 100 000) in 2006, 25.1 (per 100 000) in 2007, and 61.7 (per 100 000) in 2008. The analysis of the area-level effects showed that residential areas of the less deprived than other regions, areas with higher levels of education, and heavily populated areas were significantly associated with increased risk. Conclusions: There is a very strong possibility that both area-level socioeconomic status and environmental hygiene play a role in increasing the risk of hepatitis A infection in Korea. Therefore, to reduce hepatitis A infection, we need a nationwide strategy that considers these area-level characteristics