Improving Heterogeneous Model Reuse by Density Estimation

This paper studies multiparty learning, aiming to learn a model using the private data of different participants. Model reuse is a promising solution for multiparty learning, assuming that a local model has been trained for each party. Considering the potential sample selection bias among different parties, some heterogeneous model reuse approaches have been developed. However, although pre-trained local classifiers are utilized in these approaches, the characteristics of the local data are not well exploited. This motivates us to estimate the density of local data and design an auxiliary model together with the local classifiers for reuse. To address the scenarios where some local models are not well pre-trained, we further design a multiparty cross-entropy loss for calibration. Upon existing works, we address a challenging problem of heterogeneous model reuse from a decision theory perspective and take advantage of recent advances in density estimation. Experimental results on both synthetic and benchmark data demonstrate the superiority of the proposed method.Comment: 9 pages, 5 figues. Accepted by IJCAI 202

Effect of Vaccination on Bordetella pertussis Strains, China

Strains in China may differ from those in countries that have long histories of high vaccination coverage

Biogeochemistry Of Trace Elements In Arid Environments

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a novel granular support vector machine based on mixed kernel function

The constaints of time and memory will reduce the learning performance of Support Vector Machine (SVM) when it is used to solve the large number of samples. In order to solve this problem, a novel algorithm called Granular Support Vector Machine based on Mixed Kernel Function (GSVM-MKF) is proposed. Firstly, the granular method is propsed and then the judgment and extraction methods of support vector particles are given. On the above basis, we propose a new granular support vector machine learning model. Secondly, in order to further improve the performance of the granular support vector machine learning model, a mixed kernel function which effectively uses the global kernel function having the good generalization ability and the local kernel function having good learning ability is proposed. Finally, the theoretical analysis and experimental results show the effectiveness of the method.The constaints of time and memory will reduce the learning performance of Support Vector Machine (SVM) when it is used to solve the large number of samples. In order to solve this problem, a novel algorithm called Granular Support Vector Machine based on Mixed Kernel Function (GSVM-MKF) is proposed. Firstly, the granular method is propsed and then the judgment and extraction methods of support vector particles are given. On the above basis, we propose a new granular support vector machine learning model. Secondly, in order to further improve the performance of the granular support vector machine learning model, a mixed kernel function which effectively uses the global kernel function having the good generalization ability and the local kernel function having good learning ability is proposed. Finally, the theoretical analysis and experimental results show the effectiveness of the method

Predictive Value of Annenxin A1 for Disease Severity and Prognosis in Patients with Community-Acquired Pneumonia

This prospective, single-center study evaluated the clinical utility of annenxin (Anx)A1 level as a biomarker for determining the severity of illness and predicting the risk of death in hospitalized patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). A total of 105 patients (53 with severe [S]CAP, 52 with non-SCAP) were enrolled from December 2020 to June 2021. Demographic and clinical data were recorded. Serum AnxA1 concentration on days one and six after admission was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. AnxA1 level at admission was significantly higher in SCAP patients than in non-SCAP patients (p < 0.001) irrespective of CAP etiology and was positively correlated with Pneumonia Severity Index and Confusion, Uremia, Respiratory Rate, Blood Pressure, and Age ≥ 65 Years score. AnxA1 level was significantly lower on day six after treatment than on day one (p = 0.01). Disease severity was significantly higher in patents with AnxA1 level ≥254.13 ng/mL than in those with a level <254.13 ng/mL (p < 0.001). Kaplan–Meier analysis of 30-day mortality showed that AnxA1 level ≤670.84 ng/mL was associated with a significantly higher survival rate than a level >670.84 ng/mL. These results indicate that AnxA1 is a useful biomarker for early diagnosis and prognostic assessment of CAP

Predictive Value of Annenxin A1 for Disease Severity and Prognosis in Patients with Community-Acquired Pneumonia

This prospective, single-center study evaluated the clinical utility of annenxin (Anx)A1 level as a biomarker for determining the severity of illness and predicting the risk of death in hospitalized patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). A total of 105 patients (53 with severe [S]CAP, 52 with non-SCAP) were enrolled from December 2020 to June 2021. Demographic and clinical data were recorded. Serum AnxA1 concentration on days one and six after admission was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. AnxA1 level at admission was significantly higher in SCAP patients than in non-SCAP patients (p p = 0.01). Disease severity was significantly higher in patents with AnxA1 level ≥254.13 ng/mL than in those with a level p 670.84 ng/mL. These results indicate that AnxA1 is a useful biomarker for early diagnosis and prognostic assessment of CAP

Establishment and application of cricothyrotomy in vivo

Abstract Background Cricothyrotomy is a procedure performed to establish an airway in critical airway events. It is performed only rarely and anesthesiologists are often unprepared when called upon to perform it. This study aimed to simulate cricothyrotomy using pig larynx and trachea models to help anesthesiologists master cricothyrotomy and improve the ability to establish cricothyrotomy quickly. Methods The porcine larynx and trachea were dissected and covered with pigskin to simulate the structure of the anterior neck of a human patient. An animal model of cricothyrotomy was established. Forty anesthesiologists were randomly divided into four groups. Each physician performed three rounds of cricothyrotomy, and recorded the time to accomplish each successful operation. After training the cricothyrotomy procedure, a questionnaire survey was conducted for the participating residents using a Likert scale. The participants were asked to score the utility of the training course on a scale of 1 ((minimum) to 5 ((maximum). Results Through repeated practice, compared with the time spent in the first round of the operation (67 ± 29 s), the time spent in the second round of the operation (47 ± 21 s) and the time spent in the third round of the operation (36 ± 11 s) were significantly shortened (P < 0.05). Results of the survey after training were quite satisfied, reflecting increased the ability of proficiency in locating the cricothyroid membrane and performing a surgical cricothyrotomy. Conclusion The porcine larynx and trachea model is an excellent animal model for simulating and practicing cricothyrotomy, helping anesthesiologists to master cricothyrotomy and to perform it proficiently when required

Migration and Removal of Labile Cadmium Contaminants in Paddy Soils by Electrokinetic Remediation without Changing Soil pH

Electrokinetic remediation (EKR) is a viable, advanced cleaning strategy that can permanently reduce the toxicity of soil contaminants. However, EKR is prone to causing changes in soil pH. The negative impacts must be minimized if field-scale application is to be realized. In this study, EKR with polarity reversal was used to avoid soil pH polarization and to clean up cadmium (Cd)-contaminated paddy soils. Results showed that Cd desorbed from oxidizable and residual fractions to labile and easily available parts. Soil moisture content above 0.35 g g&minus;1 was conductive to achieving the desirable Cd-migration rate. The exchangeable Cd phase eventually migrated from both ends of that soil compartment towards the intermediate. Moreover, the addition of citric acid at the concentration of 0.1 mol L&minus;1 was an effective enhancement strategy. The methodology enriched Cd contaminants to specific sites. The technology can be used for electrokinetic-assisted phytoremediation during the rice growing period. Hyperaccumulator is planted in the intermediate area to remove the Cd contaminants. On the other hand, Cd removal is achieved in the region close to the electrodes. The present study provides a theoretical basis for in situ remediation. It has a wider significance for field-scale application

Phytoassessment of Vetiver grass enhanced with EDTA soil amendment grown in single and mixed heavy metal–contaminated soil

Over the years, ethylene-diamine-tetra-acetate (EDTA) has been widely used for many purposes. However, there are inadequate phytoassessment studies conducted using EDTA in Vetiver grass. Hence, this study evaluates the phytoassessment (growth performance, accumulation trends, and proficiency of metal uptake) of Vetiver grass, Vetiveria zizanioides (Linn.) Nash in both single and mixed heavy metal (Cd, Pb, Cu, and Zn)—disodium EDTA-enhanced contaminated soil. The plant growth, metal accumulation, and overall efficiency of metal uptake by different plant parts (lower root, upper root, lower tiller, and upper tiller) were thoroughly examined. The relative growth performance, metal tolerance, and phytoassessment of heavy metal in roots and tillers of Vetiver grass were examined. Metals in plants were measured using the flame atomic absorption spectrometry (F-AAS) after acid digestion. The root-tiller (R/T) ratio, biological concentration factor (BCF), biological accumulation coefficient (BAC), tolerance index (TI), translocation factor (TF), and metal uptake efficacy were used to estimate the potential of metal accumulation and translocation in Vetiver grass. All accumulation of heavy metals were significantly higher (p >> Cu > Pb >> Cd for all treatments. Furthermore, both upper roots and tillers of Vetiver grass recorded high tendency of accumulation for appreciably greater amounts of all heavy metals, regardless of single and/or mixed metal treatments. Thus, Vetiver grass can be recommended as a potential phytoextractor for all types of heavy metals, whereby its tillers will act as the sink for heavy metal accumulation in the presence of EDTA for all treatments. © 2019, Springer Nature Switzerland AG

Mineral Coating Enhances the Carbon Sequestration Capacity of Biochar Derived from <i>Paulownia</i> Biowaste

Biochar holds great promise for carbon sequestration but is restricted by high costs. Here, we introduced the water–fire coupled method and developed a mineral coating technique for biochar production from paulownia waste (Paulownia fortune). Exposure time and mineral (lime) coating were assessed for their impacts on biochar properties. The former had a dominant adverse effect on carbon content, specific surface area, and carbon capture capacity of the biochar. In contrast, the latter alleviated the adverse impact on carbon capture capacity and specific surface area, the highest being 67.07% and 176.0 m2 g−1, respectively. Without a mineral coating (B), biochar functional groups reduced at the exposure time of 0–4 min (-COOH from 0.50 to 0.19 mol/kg, phenolic-OH from 0.43 to 0.14 mol/kg). In contrast, a mineral coating (B-Ca) increased -COOH from 0.25 to 0.83 mol/kg and phenolic-OH from 0.19 to 0.72 mol/kg. The pyrolysis process with a mineral coating is conceptualized as (1) wrapping the paulownia branch with the mineral, (2) enabling oxygen-limited pyrolysis inside the branch, and (3) ending the pyrolysis with water to form biochar. Ca2+ played multiple functions of ion bridging, complexation, and reduction of COx gas formation, thus enhancing the carbon capture capacity (the ratio of C in biomass converted to biochar) to 67%. This research would improve the feasibility of biochar use for carbon sequestration and climate change mitigation