The Effects of Principals’ Digital Leadership on Teachers’ Digital Teaching during the Covid-19 Pandemic in Malaysia

Education involving digital technology is the latest transformation of the education system, especially during the occurrence of the COVID-19 pandemic. The Malaysian Ministry of Education (MOE) has taken the initiative to spearhead efforts to develop the skills and potential of students in the use of digital technology. The main purpose of this study was to identify the level of digital leadership displayed by principals, the level of teachers' digital teaching practices and the elements of principals' digital leadership that predict the level of teachers' digital teaching. About 400 secondary school teachers in Hulu Langat District, Selangor were involved in this study. The findings of this study show that the level of digital leadership displayed by principals and teachers’ digital teaching practice are both at a high level. However, the positive correlation between the two is moderate. Multiple regression found that only digital citizenship is a strong predictor of teachers' digital teaching. The findings show that the ability to plan and organize digital leadership programs is important and can help improve students' academic performance, despite the COVID-19 pandemic crisis

Ddt Resistance in Anopheles Koliensis (Diptera: Culicidae) From Northeastern Irian Jaya, Indonesia

Nyamuk Anopheles koliensis, adalah perantara (vektor) penyakit malaria yang penting di daerah pedalaman Irian Jaya, Indonesia, yang telah dievaluasi kerentanannya terhadap DDT dengan menggunakan test kit diagnostik dan kertas yang telah diresapi sesuai dengan standar WHO. Serangkaian tes telah dilakukan di ARSO PIR I, yang merupakan tempat pemukiman para transmigran yang terletak 60 km sebelah selatan Jayapura. Pemeriksaan tersebut dilakukan mulai bulan Januari 1988 sampai dengan Mei 1989. DDT telah diuji pada dosis diagnostik yang telah direkomendasikan untuk jangka waktu tertentu pula. Daya tahan terhadap DDT diamati baik pada populasi nyamuk An koliensis maupun nyamuk Culex quinquefasciatus. Kira-kira 30% dari populasi nyamuk An. koliensis (sejumlah 468) ternyata tahan terhadap 4% DDT dalam kurun waktu 1 dan 2 jam paparan. Penemuan ini menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan DDT secara rutin di ARSO PIR I untuk penyemprotan di dalam mmah diperkirakan efektivitasnya terbatas, antara lain disebabkan oleh daya tahan fisiologik. Walaupun demikian, penggunaan insektisida alternatif ini akan lebih mahal dan mungkin terbukti sama tidak efektifnya karena sifat eksofilik dari jenis nyamuk tersebut. Makalah ini merupakan laporan pertama yang diperkuat dengan pengamatan yang dilakukan secara berulang-ulang mengenai kerentanan nyamuk Anopheles koliensis asal Indonesia terhadap DDT

Ultra-Morphological Changes of Trichophyton Rubrum Treated with Hydroxychavicol

Trichophyton rubrum is a common pathogenic fungal species that is responsible for causing infection on human skin, hair and nail. The antifungal-resistant strains complicate the treatment regime. Hydroxychavicol (HC) is one of the main compounds from Piper betel leaf that have antifungal potential and its mechanism of action has not been studied yet. The objective of this preliminary study to determine the antifungal properties of HC against T. rubrum using transmission electron microscope (TEM) on gross and ultrastructure of T. rubrum hypha. T. rubrum was treated with HC and miconazole (MI) at concentrations of 1.25, 2.5, 5 and 10 mg/mL for 1, 3, 5 and 7 days continuously. Generally, fungi structures became more severely damaged at increasing treatment duration. Microscopically, the fungi’s cell wall treated with HC showed a rough surface, shrinkage and demolition similar to the MI treated group. The fungi organelles were also demolished and disorganized. This study revealed that HC has the ability to inhibit T. rubrum growth and has potential to be an antifungal agent for skin infections

Students' participation in collaborative research should be recognised

Letter to the editor