Aplikasi Multimedia Cartography Untuk Visualisasi Peristiwa Sejarah Kerajaan Majapahit

Perkembangan komputer memberikan pengaruh terhadap perkembangan peta dari segi visualisasi yang kemudian dihasilkannya peta animasi. Peta animasi cocok digunakan untuk data yang memiliki skala waktu. Contoh data yang memiliki skala waktu adalah data peristiwa sejarah Kerajaan Majapahit. Peta yang dibuat menggunakan data dasar berupa informasi sejarah dikatakan sebagai peta sejarah. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah (1) Menerapkan metode pemetaan sejarah (Historical cartography) untuk membuat data spasial peristiwa sejarah Kerajaan Majapahit dan (2) Menerapkan multimedia cartography untuk memvisualisasikan peristiwa sejarah Kerajaan Majapahit. Penelitian ini memanfaatkan data dari dari buku tafsir sejarah. Data kemudian disusun menjadi tabel peristiwa sejarah. Tabel peristiwa sejarah kemudian dispasialkan dengan memanfaatkan toponimi. Tabel peristiwa sejarah juga digunakan sebagai dasar dalam penyusunan narasi peristiwa sejarah yang direkam kedalam bentuk audio. Hasil spasialisasi peristiwa sejarah kemudian dilayout menjadi lembar peta dasar yang kemudian diolah ke dalam Adobe Premiere Pro menjadi peta animasi dengan menggunakan audio sebagai acuan waktu peletakan objek

Mechanism of Action of Risuteganib for Retinal Diseases through Protection of Retinal Pigment Epithelium (RPE) and Enhancement of Mitochondrial Functions

Purpose : Risuteganib is a novel synthetic peptide that has advanced through Phase II clinical trials, showing promising efficacy in retinal diseases, including dry age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and diabetic macular edema (DME). This study is to explore the mechanism of action (MOA) of risuteganib by uncovering its functional target(s) and the associated cell layer. Methods : Fluorescent staining of mouse and rat retinal cryo-sections was performed with risuteganib-dye conjugates and compared with control peptide. Protective effects against oxidative stress was studied in ARPE-19 cell line challenged with tert-Butyl Hydroperoxide (tBHP) using WST-1 assay and Caspase 3/7 apoptosis assay. Mitochondrial bioenergetics were measured using Seahorse XF cell mito stress test. Results : Peptide-dye staining of animal retinal tissue indicated preferential localization of risuteganib in the RPE layer. 24hr risuteganib pretreatment significantly rescued ARPE-19 cells from tBHP-induced oxidative stress in WST-1 assay (p<0.05) and Caspase 3/7 apoptosis assay (p<0.01). Seahorse bioenergetics measurement of ARPE-19 cells showed that risuteganib dose-dependently enhanced mitochondrial basal, maximal and ATP-related respirations of RPE cells. Conclusions : Oxidative stress is one of the hallmarks of retinal diseases AMD and DME, and is associated with impaired RPE function. The observations of preferential binding to RPE layers in retina and the protection of mitochondrial function in RPE cells against oxidative stress in vitro, suggest that the clinically observed therapeutic effect of risuteganib in dry AMD and DME may be associated with supporting RPE cells and maintaining mitochondrial stability and function. Such a novel MOA of risuteganib could lead to new strategies for treatment of retinal diseases

Mechanism of Action of Risuteganib for Retinal Diseases through Protection of Retinal Pigment Epithelium (RPE) and Enhancement of Mitochondrial Functions

Purpose : Risuteganib is a novel synthetic peptide that has advanced through Phase II clinical trials, showing promising efficacy in retinal diseases, including dry age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and diabetic macular edema (DME). This study is to explore the mechanism of action (MOA) of risuteganib by uncovering its functional target(s) and the associated cell layer. Methods : Fluorescent staining of mouse and rat retinal cryo-sections was performed with risuteganib-dye conjugates and compared with control peptide. Protective effects against oxidative stress was studied in ARPE-19 cell line challenged with tert-Butyl Hydroperoxide (tBHP) using WST-1 assay and Caspase 3/7 apoptosis assay. Mitochondrial bioenergetics were measured using Seahorse XF cell mito stress test. Results : Peptide-dye staining of animal retinal tissue indicated preferential localization of risuteganib in the RPE layer. 24hr risuteganib pretreatment significantly rescued ARPE-19 cells from tBHP-induced oxidative stress in WST-1 assay (p<0.05) and Caspase 3/7 apoptosis assay (p<0.01). Seahorse bioenergetics measurement of ARPE-19 cells showed that risuteganib dose-dependently enhanced mitochondrial basal, maximal and ATP-related respirations of RPE cells. Conclusions : Oxidative stress is one of the hallmarks of retinal diseases AMD and DME, and is associated with impaired RPE function. The observations of preferential binding to RPE layers in retina and the protection of mitochondrial function in RPE cells against oxidative stress in vitro, suggest that the clinically observed therapeutic effect of risuteganib in dry AMD and DME may be associated with supporting RPE cells and maintaining mitochondrial stability and function. Such a novel MOA of risuteganib could lead to new strategies for treatment of retinal diseases

Topline Results From Prospective, Double-masked, Placebo Controlled Phase 2 Clinical Study Evaluating Luminate® (ALG-1001) in Patients with Symptomatic Focal Vitreomacular Adhesion

Purpose : To investigate the safety and efficacy of Luminate (ALG-1001), a synthetic anti-angiogenic and vitreolytic oligopeptide, administered intravitreally in patients with focal vitreomacular adhesion (VMA) or vitreomacular traction (VMT)