Investigation of a possible outbreak of carbapenem-resistant <i>Acinetobacter baumannii </i>in Odense, Denmark using PFGE, MLST and whole-genome-based SNPs

Abstract Objectives The objectives were to study a possible outbreak of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii by comparing three different typing methods (PFGE, MLST and whole-genome SNPs) and to compare the resistance gene profiles of the isolates. Methods From December 2012 to October 2013, eight carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii were detected at Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark. These isolates were typed by PFGE, with ApaI and SmaI, respectively, and subjected to WGS. The WGS data were used for in silico extraction of MLST types using two different schemes, resistance genes and SNPs, to which 31 publicly available A. baumannii genomes were added. Results Using ApaI, the eight isolates had four different PFGE profiles, which were further differentiated using SmaI, separating one of the profiles into two distinct PFGE types. Five ST2 (Pasteur MLST) OXA-23-producing isolates, two ST1 OXA-72-producing isolates and one ST158 OXA-23-producing isolate were detected. The five ST2 isolates were subdivided into ST195, ST208 and ST218 using the Oxford MLST scheme. The phylogenetic analysis based on the core genome showed that six of the eight Danish A. baumannii isolates were located in three distinct clusters. The two remaining isolates did not cluster with other Danish or international isolates included in the study. Isolates that clustered using PFGE, Oxford MLST and phylogenetic analysis also shared similar resistance gene profiles. Conclusions The SNP profile, Oxford MLST, PFGE and resistance gene profiles clearly indicated spread of three different A. baumannii strains. </jats:sec

Variation in Antimicrobial Resistance in Sporadic and Outbreak-related Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium

The prevalence of different antimicrobial resistance profiles and variants of the Salmonella genomic island 1 (SGI1) was reported for Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium DT104 strains isolated from patients in Denmark. Variation in antimicrobial resistance and corresponding changes of SGI1 were shown among isolates from a foodborne outbreak

Detection of multidrug-resistant bacteria in the occupied Palestinian territory: a cross-sectional study

Background Antimicrobial resistance is a worldwide threat to public health. WHO has created several resolutions and strategies on this subject at the World Health Assembly. In May, 2015, WHO published a global action plan to mitigate antimicrobial resistance, including tracking and global surveillance focusing on improving awareness and understanding of this issue. The aim of this study was to screen for carbapenem-resistant bacteria in the occupied Palestinian Territory, to investigate the mechanisms behind the resistance, and to assess the scope of this difficulty in the area. Methods During 6 weeks in 2012, we collected all available Gram-negative isolates taken from inpatients and outpatients in hospital laboratories at Al-Shifa Hospital and five additional hospitals in the West Bank to screen for carbapenem resistance. Resistant isolates were identified with MALDI-TOF, mapped for their resistance pattern, and

A role for ColV plasmids in the evolution of pathogenic Escherichia coli ST58

Escherichia coli ST58 has recently emerged as a globally disseminated uropathogen that often progresses to sepsis. Unlike most pandemic extra-intestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC), which belong to pathogenic phylogroup B2, ST58 belongs to the environmental/commensal phylogroup B1. Here, we present a pan-genomic analysis of a global collection of 752 ST58 isolates from diverse sources. We identify a large ST58 sub-lineage characterized by near ubiquitous carriage of ColV plasmids, which carry genes encoding virulence factors, and by a distinct accessory genome including genes typical of the Yersiniabactin High Pathogenicity Island. This sub-lineage includes three-quarters of all ExPEC sequences in our study and has a broad host range, although poultry and porcine sources predominate. By contrast, strains isolated from cattle often lack ColV plasmids. Our data indicate that ColV plasmid acquisition contributed to the divergence of the major ST58 sub-lineage, and different sub-lineages inhabit poultry, swine and cattle

Danish Integrated Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring and Research Program

This program has led to changes in the use of antimicrobial agents in Denmark and other countries