Camera Surveys to Monitor Small Mammals in Cedar Breaks National Monument

Using remote cameras to capture photos of wildlife is an increasingly common way to monitor and document species populations. To detect an animal with a remote camera, the animal must: Have enough body heat to trigger the camera Move slowly enough to allow for a sharp picture to be taken Small mammals often fail to meet these two requirements for detection, as they move quickly and produce less heat. As a result, current camera trapping methods miss many species. We have developed a ‘small mammal’ method that will try to fix the problems that come with camera trapping small mammals. This method will be compared to the traditional ‘large mammal’ method in order to determine its effectiveness

Raman Spectroscopic and Quantum Chemical Investigation of the Pyridine-Borane Complex and the Effects of Dative Bonding on the Normal Modes of Pyridine

The pyridine-borane (PyBH3) complex was analyzed by Raman vibrational spectroscopy and density functional theory to elucidate its structural and vibrational properties and to compare these with those for neat pyridine (Py). The borane-nitrogen (BN) bond length, the BN dative bond stretching frequency, and the effects of dative-bonded complex formation on Py are presented. Rather than having a single isolated stretching motion, the complex exhibits multiple BN dative bond stretches that are coupled to Py\u27s vibrations. These modes exhibit large shifts that are higher in energy relative to neat Py, similar to previous observations of Py/water mixtures. However, significantly higher charge transfer was observed in the dative-bonded complex when compared to the hydrogen-bonded complex with water. A linear relationship between charge transfer and shifts to higher frequencies of pyridine\u27s vibrational modes agrees well with earlier observations. The present work is of interest to those seeking a stronger relationship between charge-transfer events and concomitant changes in molecular properties

The American Pika in Southern Utah

This fact sheet describes the American pika, the smallest member of the rabbit and hare family. It discusses concerns for the American pika populations, its presence in the Cedar Breaks National Monument, and how individuals can help monitor the pika at Cedar Breaks and throughout Utah

Mammals of Cedar Breaks National Monument

This document is the result of a study of the terrestrial mammals found at Cedar Breaks National Monument from 2017-2019. During this time, we conducted a survey of mammals using a series of trail cameras. We used survey results to provide an index of terrestrial mammals (excluding bats) within the park. Our goal is to provide a beginner’s guide to the mammals at Cedar Breaks National Monument. We include information regarding appearance, diet, habitat, and population status according to the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN). The guide represents the species a visitor to Cedar Breaks National Monument will most likely encounter during a visit. In addition to the traditional photographs, we provide many photos collected during our study. In some cases, these photos may be of lesser quality, but they provide a realistic example of what these species look like at the park, and while they are on-the-move

Wildlife Monitoring Via Camera Surveys in Cedar Breaks National Monument

The presence of wildlife in Cedar Breaks National Monument is widely undocumented. Previous data on wildlife distributions comes only from sightings along roads, trails, and lookouts which represent \u3c10% of the total park property. In order to account for wildlife species that are not currently documented, further wildlife surveys in Cedar Breaks National Monument are required. Increasing knowledge of wildlife distributions in the park will improve wildlife management decisions and wildlife interpretive materials. A pilot wildlife monitoring survey began at Cedar Breaks National Monument in the summer of 2017 to inventory medium to large mammalian species using trail camera survey methods. From these data, medium and large mammals were inventoried. Small mammals who were inadvertently surveyed in a successful manner are also included in the inventory. The pilot study provided a glimpse of the potential wildlife diversity within the monument, while also allowing for estimates of the time needed to survey all wildlife communities in the park. During this pilot study, the survey methods, timing and equipment deployment were developed to increase effectiveness of recording mammals throughout the park. This improved survey design will be applied throughout the monument in the future

Ruthenium (II) Complexes of CNC Pincers and Bipyridine in the Photocatalytic CO₂ Reduction Reaction to CO Using Visible Light: Catalysis, Kinetics, and Computational Insights

A series of five ruthenium (II) complexes containing a tridentate CNC pincer ligand, a bidentate 2,2′-bipyridine (bpy) ligand, and a monodentate ligand (chloride, bromide, or acetonitrile) were synthesized. The CNC pincer ligands used imidazole or benzimidazole-derived N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) as the C donors and a 4-methoxy-substituted central pyridyl ring as the N donor. All of the complexes were characterized by analytical, spectroscopic, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction methods. These complexes were used as catalysts for visible-light-driven CO2 reduction in the presence and absence of an external photosensitizer (PS). Notably, complex 4C with a benzimidazole-derived CNC pincer ligand and bromide as the monodentate ligand was the most active catalyst tested for both sensitized and self-sensitized CO2 reduction. Thus, this catalyst was the subject of further mechanistic studies using transient absorption spectroscopy (TAS), absorption spectroelectrochemistry (SEC), and computational studies. A mechanism has been proposed for self-sensitized CO2 reduction involving (1) light excitation of the catalyst, (2) reduction by sacrificial donors, (3) halide loss, and (4) CO2 binding to form [RuCO2]+ as the catalyst resting state. The timeline for these steps and the structures of key intermediates are all supported by experimental observations (including TAS and SEC) and supporting computational studies. Subsequent steps in the cycle past [RuCO2]+ were not experimentally observable, but they are supported by computations. Experiments were also used to explain the differences observed for sensitized catalysis. Catalyst 4C is an unusually active catalyst for both sensitized and self-sensitized CO2 reduction, and thus being able to understand how it functions and which steps are turnover-limiting is an important development facilitating the design of commercially viable catalysts for solar fuel formation

Ruthenium (II) Complexes of CNC Pincers and Bipyridine in the Photocatalytic CO₂ Reduction Reaction to CO Using Visible Light: Catalysis, Kinetics, and Computational Insights

A series of five ruthenium (II) complexes containing a tridentate CNC pincer ligand, a bidentate 2,2′-bipyridine (bpy) ligand, and a monodentate ligand (chloride, bromide, or acetonitrile) were synthesized. The CNC pincer ligands used imidazole or benzimidazole-derived N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) as the C donors and a 4-methoxy-substituted central pyridyl ring as the N donor. All of the complexes were characterized by analytical, spectroscopic, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction methods. These complexes were used as catalysts for visible-light-driven CO2 reduction in the presence and absence of an external photosensitizer (PS). Notably, complex 4C with a benzimidazole-derived CNC pincer ligand and bromide as the monodentate ligand was the most active catalyst tested for both sensitized and self-sensitized CO2 reduction. Thus, this catalyst was the subject of further mechanistic studies using transient absorption spectroscopy (TAS), absorption spectroelectrochemistry (SEC), and computational studies. A mechanism has been proposed for self-sensitized CO2 reduction involving (1) light excitation of the catalyst, (2) reduction by sacrificial donors, (3) halide loss, and (4) CO2 binding to form [RuCO2]+ as the catalyst resting state. The timeline for these steps and the structures of key intermediates are all supported by experimental observations (including TAS and SEC) and supporting computational studies. Subsequent steps in the cycle past [RuCO2]+ were not experimentally observable, but they are supported by computations. Experiments were also used to explain the differences observed for sensitized catalysis. Catalyst 4C is an unusually active catalyst for both sensitized and self-sensitized CO2 reduction, and thus being able to understand how it functions and which steps are turnover-limiting is an important development facilitating the design of commercially viable catalysts for solar fuel formation

Ruthenium (II) Complexes of CNC Pincers and Bipyridine in the Photocatalytic CO₂ Reduction Reaction to CO Using Visible Light: Catalysis, Kinetics, and Computational Insights

A series of five ruthenium (II) complexes containing a tridentate CNC pincer ligand, a bidentate 2,2′-bipyridine (bpy) ligand, and a monodentate ligand (chloride, bromide, or acetonitrile) were synthesized. The CNC pincer ligands used imidazole or benzimidazole-derived N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) as the C donors and a 4-methoxy-substituted central pyridyl ring as the N donor. All of the complexes were characterized by analytical, spectroscopic, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction methods. These complexes were used as catalysts for visible-light-driven CO2 reduction in the presence and absence of an external photosensitizer (PS). Notably, complex 4C with a benzimidazole-derived CNC pincer ligand and bromide as the monodentate ligand was the most active catalyst tested for both sensitized and self-sensitized CO2 reduction. Thus, this catalyst was the subject of further mechanistic studies using transient absorption spectroscopy (TAS), absorption spectroelectrochemistry (SEC), and computational studies. A mechanism has been proposed for self-sensitized CO2 reduction involving (1) light excitation of the catalyst, (2) reduction by sacrificial donors, (3) halide loss, and (4) CO2 binding to form [RuCO2]+ as the catalyst resting state. The timeline for these steps and the structures of key intermediates are all supported by experimental observations (including TAS and SEC) and supporting computational studies. Subsequent steps in the cycle past [RuCO2]+ were not experimentally observable, but they are supported by computations. Experiments were also used to explain the differences observed for sensitized catalysis. Catalyst 4C is an unusually active catalyst for both sensitized and self-sensitized CO2 reduction, and thus being able to understand how it functions and which steps are turnover-limiting is an important development facilitating the design of commercially viable catalysts for solar fuel formation