16 research outputs found
Bayesian Road Estimation Using Onboard Sensors
This paper describes an algorithm for estimating the road ahead of a host vehicle based on the measurements from several onboard sensors: a camera, a radar, wheel speed sensors,and an inertial measurement unit.We propose a novel road model that is able to describe the road ahead with higher accuracy than the usual polynomial model. We also develop a Bayesian fusionsystem that uses the following information from the surroundings: lane marking measurements obtained by the camera and leading vehicle and stationary object measurements obtained bya radar–camera fusion system. The performance of our fusion algorithm is evaluated in several drive tests. As expected, the more information we use, the better the performance is.Index Terms—Camera, information fusion, radar, road geometry,unscented Kalman filter (UKF)
Poisson Multi-Bernoulli Mapping Using Gibbs Sampling
This paper addresses the mapping problem. Using a conjugate prior form, we
derive the exact theoretical batch multi-object posterior density of the map
given a set of measurements. The landmarks in the map are modeled as extended
objects, and the measurements are described as a Poisson process, conditioned
on the map. We use a Poisson process prior on the map and prove that the
posterior distribution is a hybrid Poisson, multi-Bernoulli mixture
distribution. We devise a Gibbs sampling algorithm to sample from the batch
multi-object posterior. The proposed method can handle uncertainties in the
data associations and the cardinality of the set of landmarks, and is
parallelizable, making it suitable for large-scale problems. The performance of
the proposed method is evaluated on synthetic data and is shown to outperform a
state-of-the-art method.Comment: 14 pages, 6 figure
Variational Bayesian Expectation Maximization for Radar Map Estimation
Abstract-For self-localization, a detailed and reliable map of the environment can be used to relate sensor data to static features with known locations. This paper presents a method for construction of detailed radar maps that describe the expected intensity of detections. Specifically, the measurements are modelled by an inhomogeneous Poisson process with a spatial intensity function given by the sum of a constant clutter level and an unnormalized Gaussian mixture. A substantial difficulty with radar mapping is the presence of data association uncertainties, i.e., the unknown associations between measurements and landmarks. In this paper, the association variables are introduced as hidden variables in a variational Bayesian expectation maximization (VBEM) framework, resulting in a computationally efficient mapping algorithm that enables a joint estimation of the number of landmarks and their parameters
Fractures, Bone Mineral Density, and Final Height in Craniopharyngioma Patients with a Follow-up of 16 Years
CONTEXT: Pituitary hormonal deficiencies in patients with craniopharyngioma may impair their bone health. OBJECTIVE: To investigate bone health in patients with craniopharyngioma. DESIGN: Retrospective cross-sectional study. SETTING: Dutch and Swedish referral centers. PATIENTS: Patients with craniopharyngioma (n = 177) with available data on bone health after a median follow-up of 16 years (range, 1-62) were included (106 [60%] Dutch, 93 [53%] male, 84 [48%] childhood-onset disease). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Fractures, dual X-ray absorptiometry-derived bone mineral density (BMD), and final height were evaluated. Low BMD was defined as T- or Z-score ≤-1 and very low BMD as ≤-2.5 or ≤-2.0, respectively. RESULTS: Fractures occurred in 31 patients (18%) and were more frequent in men than in women (26% vs. 8%, P = .002). Mean BMD was normal (Z-score total body 0.1 [range, -4.1 to 3.5]) but T- or Z-score ≤-1 occurred in 47 (50%) patients and T-score ≤-2.5 or Z-score ≤-2.0 in 22 (24%) patients. Men received less often treatment for low BMD than women (7% vs. 18%, P = .02). Female sex (OR 0.3, P = .004) and surgery (odds ratio [OR], 0.2; P = .01) were both independent protective factors for fractures, whereas antiepileptic medication was a risk factor (OR, 3.6; P = .03), whereas T-score ≤-2.5 or Z-score ≤-2.0 was not (OR, 2.1; P = .21). Mean final height was normal and did not differ between men and women, or adulthood and childhood-onset patients. CONCLUSIONS: Men with craniopharyngioma are at higher risk than women for fractures. In patients with craniopharyngioma, a very low BMD (T-score ≤-2.5 or Z-score ≤-2.0) seems not to be a good predictor for fracture risk
Road geometry estimation using a precise clothoid road model and observations of moving vehicles
An important part of any advanced driver assistance system is road geometry estimation. In this paper, we develop a Bayesian estimation algorithm using lane marking measurements received from a camera and measurements of the leading vehicles received from a radar-camera fusion system, to estimate the road up to 200 meters ahead in highway scenarios. The filtering algorithm uses a segmented clothoid-based road model. In order to use the heading of leading vehicles we need to detect if each vehicle is keeping lane or changing lane. Hence, we propose to jointly detect the motion state of the leading vehicles and estimate the road geometry using a multiple model filter. Finally the proposed algorithm is compared to an existing method using real data collected from highways. The results indicate that it provides a more accurate road estimation in some scenarios
Long-Range Road Geometry Estimation Using Moving Vehicles and Roadside Observations
This paper presents an algorithm for estimating the shape of the road ahead of a host vehicle equipped with the following onboard sensors: a camera, a radar, and vehicle internal sensors. The aim is to accurately describe the road geometry up to 200 m ahead in highway scenarios. This purpose is accomplished by deriving a precise clothoid-based road model for which we design a Bayesian fusion framework. Using this framework, the road geometry is estimated using sensor observations on the shape of the lane markings, the heading of leading vehicles, and the position of roadside radar reflectors. The evaluation on sensor data shows that the proposed algorithm is capable of capturing the shape of the road well, even in challenging mountainous highways