Fidelity for imperfect postselection

We describe a simple measure of fidelity for mixed state postselecting devices. The measure is most appropriate for postselection where the task performed by the output is only effected by a specific state.Comment: 8 Pages, 8 Figure

Cardiac Magnetic Resonance T1 Mapping in Cardiomyopathies

Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging has been widely used to assess myocardial perfusion and scar and is the noninvasive reference standard for identification of focal myocardial fibrosis. However, the late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) technique is limited in its accuracy for absolute quantification and assessment of diffuse myocardial fibrosis by technical and pathophysiological features. CMR relaxometry, incorporating T1 mapping, has emerged as an accurate, reproducible, highly sensitive, and quantitative technique for the assessment of diffuse myocardial fibrosis in a number of disease states. We comprehensively review the physics behind CMR relaxometry, the evidence base, and the clinical applications of this emerging technique

Alfv\`en wave phase-mixing and damping in the ion cyclotron range of frequencies

Aims. To determine the effect of the Hall term in the generalised Ohm's law on the damping and phase mixing of Alfven waves in the ion cyclotron range of frequencies in uniform and non-uniform equilibrium plasmas. Methods. Wave damping in a uniform plasma is treated analytically, whilst a Lagrangian remap code (Lare2d) is used to study Hall effects on damping and phase mixing in the presence of an equilibrium density gradient. Results. The magnetic energy associated with an initially Gaussian field perturbation in a uniform resistive plasma is shown to decay algebraically at a rate that is unaffected by the Hall term to leading order in k^2di^2 where k is wavenumber and di is ion skin depth. A similar algebraic decay law applies to whistler perturbations in the limit k^2di^2>>1. In a non-uniform plasma it is found that the spatially-integrated damping rate due to phase mixing is lower in Hall MHD than it is in MHD, but the reduction in the damping rate, which can be attributed to the effects of wave dispersion, tends to zero in both the weak and strong phase mixing limits

Hydrogen bonding in infinite hydrogen fluoride and hydrogen chloride chains

Hydrogen bonding in infinite HF and HCl bent (zigzag) chains is studied using the ab initio coupled-cluster singles and doubles (CCSD) correlation method. The correlation contribution to the binding energy is decomposed in terms of nonadditive many-body interactions between the monomers in the chains, the so-called energy increments. Van der Waals constants for the two-body dispersion interaction between distant monomers in the infinite chains are extracted from this decomposition. They allow a partitioning of the correlation contribution to the binding energy into short- and long-range terms. This finding affords a significant reduction in the computational effort of ab initio calculations for solids as only the short-range part requires a sophisticated treatment whereas the long-range part can be summed immediately to infinite distances.Comment: 9 pages, 4 figures, 3 tables, RevTeX4, corrected typo

Soliton bound states in semiconductor disk laser

We report what we believe is the first demonstration of a temporal soliton bound state in semiconductor disk laser. The laser was passively mode-locked using a quantum dot based semiconductor saturable absorber mirror (QD-SESAM). Two mode-locking regimes were observed where the laser would emit single or closely spaced double pulses (soliton bound state regime) per cavity round-trip. The pulses in soliton bound state regime were spaced by discrete, fixed time duration. We use a system of delay differential equations to model the dynamics of our device