Relationship of Anxiety and Depression in Patients with Chronic Periodontitis

Objectives Many researchers have attempted to link the current concepts of anxiety and depression to periodontal disease. This study aimed to compare the level of anxiety and depression in Iranian patients with chronic periodontitis (CP) and periodontally healthy controls.Methods Fifty CP patients and 50 periodontally healthy controls participated in this study according to our eligibility criteria. Periodontal clinical examination was performed using a Williams probe. The clinical attachment loss (CAL), pocket probing depth (PPD) and bleeding on probing (BOP) were recorded for all teeth except for third molars. In order to psychologically assess the individuals, the Beck’s Depression Inventory (BDI) and the Beck’s Anxiety Inventory (BAI) were used. The mean scores of BAI and BDI were compared between the two groups using the Student t-test.Results The mean age of participants was 44.86±8.07 years. The mean score of BDI was 13.58±8.35 in periodontally healthy controls and 25.62±13.01 in CP patients. The mean score of BAI was 9.9±5.65 in the control and 21.02±13.63 in the test group. The Student t-test revealed a significant difference between the two groups in total score of BDI and BAI (P<0.000). A significant correlation was noted between the BDI and age (P=0.027) but BAI had no significant correlation with age (P=0.245).Conclusion According to the results of this study, the level of anxiety and depression in CP patients was higher than that in periodontally healthy controls in our study populatio

Expression of CK8 and CK17, specific epithelial markers, by oral squamous cell carcinoma cell lines

Objectives Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is among the most common cancers worldwide. This study aimed to assess the expression of CK8 and CK17 by OSCC cell lines in Iranian patients.Methods This observational study was conducted on three OSCC cell lines with a minimum of 45 passages. Cells isolated from three patients with OSCC were cultured and passaged. Expression of CK8 and CK17 epithelial markers was assessed using reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. Data were presented qualitatively.Results The results confirmed the expression of CK8 and CK17 mRNA in three groups. Expression of these markers was different in the three specimens based on their degree of malignancy.Conclusion Since CK8 and CK17 were expressed in different superficial and basal layers in the three specimens, epithelial origin of these cells was confirmed. This study can pave the way for further cancer research and designing new treatment

Correlation of CA19-9 and P57 (KiP2) Expression with Tumor Grade and Invasive Front in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Statement of the Problem: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the most widely occurring cancers worldwide. Early diagnosis of primary tumors is the key to improve treatment outcome. Detecting cancer, determining prognosis, and monitoring disease progression or treatment response can be done based on molecular markers. CA19-9 is an isolated form of Lewis antigen. It is widely used for detecting pancreatic cancer in the clinical setting. P57 (KiP2) is a tumor suppressor gene. It is a positive regulator of cell proliferation, regulating proliferation through G1 phase by inhibiting cyclin dependent kinases. Its expression decreases in most malignancies. OSCC has variable differentiation grades and local invasion potential. Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate and assess the correlation of CA19-9 and P57 expression with invasive front and grade of OSCC. Materials and Method: This cross-sectional study was performed on forty paraffin blocks in three histologic grades; well, moderate, and poorly differentiated SCC. The two markers were assessed by immunohistochemistry methods (En vision). Proportional and total scores and staining intensity were measured for all samples. Results: CA19-9 staining was low in all three grades. The Kruskal Wallis test showed no significant correlation between tumor grade and CA19-9 expression; however, there was a significant difference between tumor intensity and margin intensity (p= 0.003). P57 staining was high in all three grades. The Kruskal Wallis test showed no significant correlation between tumor grade and P57 expression. There were no significant differences in total intensity of staining in margins of tumor (p= 0.85). Conclusion: Within the limitations of this study, it may be concluded that expression of CA19-9 and P57 cannot be used as determinants of tumor grade. Higher expression of CA19-9 in invasive front of SCC can be representative of local invasion and higher activity of tumor cells in the margins

Comparison of Marginal Bone Loss in Simultaneous Versus Delayed Implant Placement Following Horizontal Ridge Augmentation with Autogenous Lateral Ramus Bone Block

Statement of the Problem: Alveolar ridge resorption after tooth extraction may interfere with optimal dental implant placement.Purpose: This study aimed to compare the marginal bone loss (MBL) and thickness of the buccal aspect of the augmented site in simultaneous versus delayed implant placement following lateral ramus horizontal ridge augmentation in the posterior mandible.Materials and Method: This prospective cohort study was conducted on patients who required horizontal bone augmentation of the posterior mandible using lateral ramus autogenous bone graft. Patients were divided into two groups of simultaneous implant placement (group 1) and delayed implant placement (group 2). Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images were obtained before augmentation, at the time of implant placement, and 10 months later (6 months after implant loading). MBL and thickness of the buccal aspect were evaluated over time.Results: There were 18 patients in the group 1 and 16 patients in the group 2. Analysis of the CBCT scans demonstrated that the mean MBL was 1.21±0.35mm in the group 1 and 1.08±0.19mm in the group 2, with no significant difference between the two groups (p= 0.19). Thickness of the buccal aspect of the augmented site at the time of implant placement was 1.85±0.20mm in the group 1 and 2.16±0.29 mm in the group 2, with a significant difference (p< 0.001). However, data analysis regarding changes in the buccal plate thickness showed no significant difference between the two groups (p= 0.36).Conclusion: According to the results of this study, there was no significant difference in M-BL and post-operative changes in the thickness of the buccal aspect of the augmented sites with onlay lateral ramus bone blocks between simultaneous and delayed implant placement

Utjecaj hidroksiapatita na cijeljenje prijeloma kostiju dijabetičnih štakora: biomehanička i radiografska istraživanja

Patients with diabetes mellitus incur a high incidence of fractures. This suggests that the structural integrity of the skeletal system may be compromised. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of hydroxyapatite (HA) on fracture healing in diabetic rats by biomechanical and radiographic methods. Twenty-four adult male rats were randomly divided into four identical groups. Diabetes was chemically induced in 2 groups by alloxan. After 2 weeks, all the rats were anesthetized and a transverse osteotomy of the right radius was performed under aseptic conditions. In one diabetic and one non-diabetic group, the osteotomy gap was filled with HA while the other 2 groups did not receive HA. Radiographs were taken at 0, 15 and 35 days post operation. All the rats were euthanized 5 weeks post operation, and the radial bones were harvested and prepared for the threepoint bending test. Comparison between the HA treated groups (diabetic and non diabetic), demonstrated that diabetes significantly reduced the capacity of bone to loaded bending forces. The non-treated diabetic group showed fewer radiographic signs of union and remodeling of fractures in comparison with the other three groups. In conclusion the diabetic rats that did not receive HA exhibited inferior biomechanical properties and radiographic signs in comparison with the HA treated groups and the negative control group.Pacijenti sa šećernom bolešću često trpe od prijeloma kostiju. To govori da strukturna cjelovitost koštanoga sustava može biti narušena. Ovo istraživanje poduzeto je radi procjene učinaka hidroksiapatita (HA) na cijeljenje prijeloma kostiju u dijabetičnih štakora uporabom biomehaničkih i radiografskih metoda. Ukupno su 24 štakora bila nasumce podijeljena u četiri jednake skupine. U dvjema skupinama dijabetes je bio kemijski potaknut aloksanom. Nakon dva tjedna svi su štakori bili anestezirani te im je pod septičkim uvjetima učinjena transverzalna osteotomija desnog radiusa. Prostor između odlomaka nakon osteotomije štakorima jedne dijabetične i jedne nedijabetične skupine bio je ispunjen hidroksiapatitom dok štakorima drugih dviju skupina hidroksiapatit nije bio primijenjen. Radiografske snimke bile su uzete 0., 15. i 35. dana nakon operacije. Svi su štakori bili eutanazirani pet tjedana nakon operacije te su im uzete radijalne kosti za trotočkasti test savijanja. Usporedba između skupina obrađivanih hidroksiapatitom (dijabetičnih i nedijabetičnih) pokazala je da dijabetes značajno smanjuje sposobnost savijanja kostiju pri opterećenju. Neobrađivana dijabetična skupina pokazivala je manje radiografskih znakova spajanja i ponovnog cijeljenja prijeloma u usporedbi s drugim trima skupinama. Zaključno se može reći da su štakori kojima hidroksiapatit nije bio primijenjen pokazivali slabija biomehanička svojstva i radiografske znakove u usporedbi s onima kojima je bio primijenjen i onima iz kontrolne skupine

Comparison of Insulin Expression Levels in White Blood Cells of infants with and without Family History of Type II Diabetes

Background: Type II diabetes is known as one of the most important, prevalent, and expensive diseases of mankind. Late diagnosis and subsequent delayed initiation of treatment or surveillance of patients create a variety of problems for affected individuals. This has raised increasing concerns for public health authorities throughout the world. In the current study, we aimed to find a new approach for early identification of high-risk individuals at initial months of their life. This allows us to take preventive measures as early as possible.Materials and Methods: In our study, 102 infants - from one to six months - were selected and placed in two case and control groups. The case group contained 52 babies with at least one of their parents identified as a type II diabetic patient. The control group comprised 50 babies with no family history of type II diabetes in paternal and maternal first-degree relatives. Afterwards, the expression level of insulin gene was analyzed in white blood cells of both groups. Information related to infants - referred to outpatient and inpatient wards of three main pediatric hospitals placed in Tehran - and their parents were collected through questionnaires within a two-year period. The study inclusion criteria for infants were confirmed type II diabetes in at least one of their parents, the absence of any metabolic disorder, and the absence of any disturbing vital signs. After drawing 2 ml of babies’ peripheral blood, total RNA of white blood cells (WBC) was extracted, and used for cDNA synthesis. Real-Time PCR was then applied to quantitatively evaluate the expression levels of insulin gene. The results of Real-Time PCR were statistically analyzed by non-parametric tests of Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis.Results: The expression of insulin gene was observed in white blood cells of all samples. However, there was a significant difference in expression levels between case and control groups (p&lt;0.05). There was a statistically significant difference in mean levels of gene expression among babies with diabetic mother, and healthy groups (RQ=0.5, P-value=0.002), but this value wasn’t significant for babies with diabetic father (RQ=0.78, P&gt;0.05).Conclusion: Numerous genes contribute to the development of diabetes and novel disease-causing genes are increasingly being discovered. Identification of disease-prone individuals through examining merely one underlying gene is complicated and challenging. Interestingly, all of these abnormally functioning genes finally manifest themselves in the altered expression levels of insulin gene. The expression status of insulin gene in WBCs could be suggested as a useful approach for identification of individuals at high risk for developing diabetes. This paves the way for taking appropriate measures at infancy period in order to prevent the disease as well as inhibit its various side effects in the following years of patient’s life

A Robust Approach for Redesigning Three Level Supply Chain Warehouses in Uncertain Condition

Nowadays, warehouses dedicate considerable proportion of network's costs in a supply chain and conditions such as uncertainty in cost parameters, production capacity and demands emphasize on necessity of reasonable decisions on warehouse management. In this paper, uncertainty has been investigated under discrete different scenarios. Moreover, a new model has been proposed for redesigning of warehouses considering the min-max cost function for scenarios in specific customer servicing coverage radius. The robust approach used in this paper has been investigated by numerical examples and the obtained costs have been compared with the expected value model results. Findings imply efficiency of the proposed robust approach. Also, the costs resulted from the new relocation model have been evaluated with respect to the costs of continuing the current supply chain configuration and the findings indicate a significant cost improvement

Reconstruction of a Severe Mandibular Atrophic Ridge with Autogenous Iliac and Rib Bone Grafts

Introduction: Prosthetic rehabilitation requires sufficient hard and soft tissues. In this article, a case of severe mandibular atrophic ridge is presented, which has been treated with autogenous iliac and rib bone grafts and simultaneous nerve transposition with an extraoral approach.Case Report: The patient was a 56-year old female with severe mandibuar atrophic ridge. The prosthetic rehabilitation for this patient was performed in four stages: 1) reconstruction of mandibular atrophic ridge using autogenous iliac and rib bone graft with simultaneous inferior nerve transposition through an extraoral approach, 2) insertion of four implant fixtures in reconstructed mandibular ridge after six months, 3) buccal and lingual vestibuloplsty and free gingival graft and loading of healing abutments, three months later, and 4) prosthetic rehabilitation after two months. Following stage four, a mandibular hybrid prosthesis on four implants with a maxillary removable complete denture were delivered to the patient. Results: Following four stages of surgical and prosthetic procedures, rehabilitation of a severe mandibular atrophic ridge was done with autogenous iliac and rib bone grafts, simultaneous inferior alveolar nerve transposition and a mandibular hybrid prosthesis on four implants. Further follow up of the patient will reveal the outcomes of this procedure. Conclusion:  This procedure can be suggested in the case of severe mandibular atrophic ridges which need inferior border augmentation and superior border vertical and horizontal augmentation at the same time

Effect of Long-time Mild Heat Stress on Proliferative, Differentiation and Bone Regeneration Capabilities of Dental Pulp Stem Cells

Introduction: The application of various strategies, including heat stress, has been attempted to maintain and improve mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) plasticity and efficiency for bone regeneration. Although cell responses to heat stress are one of the most examined cellular stress responses, most studies, in this context, investigated the effect of that for a short period. Hence, the current study aimed to investigate the properties of MSCs, derived from dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) following long-term heat stress. Materials and Methods: DPSCs was loaded on β-tricalcium phosphate scaffold blocks and cultivated at elevated temperature up to 39 ° C. In vitro, DPSC properties, including proliferation, osteogenic differentiation, and bone regeneration in vivo, have been evaluated. Results: The results of in vitro study showed that mild heat stress for a lengthy period could maintain and improve both the proliferative and differentiation potential of DPSCs during in vitro expansion and differentiation. Also, bone regeneration in vivo showed increased bone regeneration in the cells cultivated at a higher temperature. Conclusion: This study provided evidence for the beneficial effects of the administration of mild heat stress for an extended period to maintain and improve DPSC properties, which may serve as a starting point for developing clinically compliant procedures for MSC treatment before transplantation

The Relationship between Students’ Satisfaction with Major, Mental Health and Academic Achievement in Arak University of Medical Sciences

Introduction: Attention to students’ major satisfaction and mental health is important in promoting their learning and academic achievement. This study aims to investigate the relationship between satisfaction with major, mental health and academic achievement among students in Arak University of Medical Sciences in 2012. Methods: In this descriptive-correlation study, relationship between satisfaction with major and mental health and academic achievement of 403 students in Arak University of Medical Sciences was assessed. Students were selected through stratified random sampling method from schools of Paramedics, Nursing and Medicine. Data were collected through the standard general health questionnaire (GHQ28) and a researcher-made questionnaire on major satisfaction. Data were analyzed using independent T-test and Spearman test. Results: Students’ mean score of satisfaction with their major was 61.16 ± 12.38 (out of 90) which was interpreted as about average. Their general health score was 26.36± 10.65 that showed a mild psychological distress. There was no significant relationship between major satisfaction and mental health and academic improvement (p=.22, r=-.061) but there was a significant negative relationship between academic achievement with satisfaction (p=0.024, r=-0.113) and mental health (p=0.001, r=-0.166). Conclusion: It is important that special attention be paid to the role of supervisors, student counseling centers, students’ academic achievement monitoring, identification and provision of the services needed for students at risk, and participation of their families