Comparison of treatment of tibial-shaft fracture by interlocking nailing and plating methods

چکیده: زمینه و هدف: دو روش مرسوم درمان شکستگی های تنه تیبیا، روش ثابت کردن داخلی با پلاک و کارگذاری میله در داخل کانال استخوان می باشد. از آنجائی که هر یک از این روشها معایب و محاسنی دارد لذا این مطالعه با هدف بررسی مقایسه ای نتایج درمانی شکستگی تنه استخوان تیبیا با دو روش فوق انجام شد. روش بررسی: این مطالعه بصورت کارآزمایی بالینی بر روی 90 بیمار مبتلا به شکستگی تنه تیبیا انجام گرفت. بیماران به صورت تصادفی به دو گروه درمان با پلاک (گروه I) و درمان با میله داخل کانال استخوانی (گروه II) تقسیم شدند و پس از درمان دو گروه از نظر متوسط زمان جوش خوردن، مدت زمان بستری در بیمارستان، ضخامت کال استخوانی، دامنه حرکتی زانو و مچ پا و متوسط زمان بازگشت بکار مقایسه شدند. داده ها با استفاده از آزمون های t و t مستقل تجزیه و تحلیل شدند. یافته ها: بر اساس این مطالعه به ترتیب در گروه I و II متوسط زمان جوش خوردن شکستگی 25/0±8/4 و 24/0±4/3 ماه، متوسط زمان بستری در بیمارستان 03/0±5 و 04/0±3 روز و متوسط ضخامت کال استخوانی پس از 4 هفته 05/0±5/2 و 06/0±4 میلی متر، متوسط زمان رسیدن به دامنه حرکتی زانو در حد 130 درجه 05/0±3 و 06/0±5/1 ماه، و متوسط زمان رسیدن به دامنه حرکتی 50 درجه مچ پا 04/0±5/3 و 03/0±2 ماه و متوسط زمان بازگشت بکار 07/0±2/5 و 04/0±3 ماه بود. در کلیه موارد مورد بررسی اختلاف مشاهده شده معنی دار بود به طوری که در گروه II نتایج بهتری بدست آمد (05/0

Effectiveness of Compassionate Mind-Based Cognitive Therapy on Adolescents' Behavioral Activation-Inhibition Systems and Theory of Mind

Background and Aim:High-risk behaviors have devastating physical, psychological, and social consequences for the adolescents. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of compassionate mind-based cognitive therapy on behavioral inhibition-activation systems and the theory of mind of adolescents with high-risk behaviors. Materials and Methods:The study design was quasi-experimental with control and intervention groups and a follow-up phase.The statistical population included all high school boys with high-risk behaviors in Tabriz. The sample consisted of 30 students who were purposefully selected, and randomly allocated into experimental and control groups. High-Risk Behaviors Questionnaire, Brain-Behavioral Systems Scale, and the Theory of Mind Questionnaire were used to collect data. Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of variance test and employing SPSS-24 software. Results:Compassion-focused cognitive therapy decreased activation, increased inhibition, and improved theory of mind among adolescents with high-risk behaviors (P<0.01). Conclusion:Based on the findings of this study, it can be concluded that cognitive therapy based on compassionate mind through the component of mindfulness by reducing rumination, leads to a reduction of negative emotions and thus reduces high-risk behaviors in adolescents. Thus, it can be said that treatment based on Compassion can be used as an effective treatment to improve adolescent psychological problems with high-risk behaviors

Hearing loss etiology in patients referring to Isfahan cochlear implantation center

Introduction: Hearing loss is the most common congenital disorders occurring among newborn. Identifying the factors affecting it would reduce the incidence of this disorder. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the etiology of congenital hearing loss in patients referring to Isfahan Cochlear implantation center. Materials and Method: This study was performed on 689 patients with cochlear implantation. Demographic data and relative frequency of different causes of congenital hearing loss (acquired and genetic) were determined and recorded. T-test, Chi-Square and Mann-Whitney tests were used to compare the variables studied. Results: Our findings showed that 50 patients (7.7%) had history of drug use, 9 (1.3%) had history of taking ototoxic drugs, 99 (14.3%) had history of kernicterus, 157 patients (22.8%) had a history of hyperbilirubinemia, 15 (2.1%) history of meningitis, 57 (8.3%) had a history of seizure, one (0.1%) had a birth weight less than 1500 grams, 4 cases (0.06%) had history of hypoxia, 18 cases (2.6%) had history of trauma, one (0.1%) had CMV history, and one (0.1%) hearing loss due to syndromicity. On the other hand, it was determined that the probable causes of hearing loss were not related to the severity of hearing loss and age of the patients (p <0.05) Conclusion: Although the prevalence of congenital hearing loss is low, it is important to identify and screen for postnatal congenital hearing loss, especially in people with risk factors known in this study, including patients with kernicterus.

Prevalence of Impacted Teeth among Young Adults: A Retrospective Radiographic Study

Objectives: The prevalence of impacted teeth fluctuates across various ethnicities and geographical regions. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the prevalence and patterns of impacted teeth among patients living in the central part of Iran. Methods: This retrospective study was conducted on 3632 patients within the age group of 17-30 years. The frequency and pattern of the impaction were determined using orthopantomogram (OPG). Results: According to the results of the study, 56.3% of the patients were female (n=2046). Out of the 3632 OPGs, 1602 cases (44.1%) were detected with at least one impacted tooth. No significant difference was observed between the males (n=682; 42.6%) and females (n=920; 57.4%) in this regard (P=0.237). Furthermore, the third molars were the most common impacted teeth found in 1156 radiographs (31.8%) with no significant difference between the males (n=358; 30%) and females (n=798; 70%) (P=0.386). Mesioangular and distoangular impactions were detected to be the most frequent angulation of the impacted third molars in the mandible (49%) and maxilla (41%), respectively. Additionally, 357 (9.8%) and 78 (2.1%) cases showed at least one impacted maxillary canine and one impacted mandibular second premolar, respectively. Moreover, impacted ectopic teeth were observed in 11 (0.3%) individuals. Conclusion: Based on the findings of the present study, the third molar was the most common impacted tooth observed in the people living in the central region of Iran, followed by canine and second premolar impaction. The prevalence of the third molar impaction in the females was nearly twice as much as that in the males

The comparison of maladaptive cognitive schemas and irrational beliefs among smoker and non-smoker students

Introduction: In the field of cognitive development, schemas construct is a pattern which is formed based on reality or experience to help people explain their experiences. Primary maladaptive schemas are some fixed and long-term topics and beliefs that are formed in childhood and to some extent are inefficient. These schemas are assumed as patterns for processing further experiences. Irrational beliefs are also a set of thoughts, beliefs, and notions in which there is compulsion, perfectionism and absolutism. They cause various emotional and behavioral disorders to appear. Addiction, on the whole, and particularly smoking addiction is one of the probable outcomes of cognitive distortions such as maladaptive cognitive schemas and irrational beliefs. Thus, the present study aimed to compare maladaptive cognitive schemas and irrational beliefs among smoker and non-smoker students.Methods: In this casual comparative research, a non-clinical sample of 80 female and male students was chosen by multi-level random sampling (40 smoking and 40 non-smoking students). In order to collect data, Young’s Schemas Questionnaire - short form (YSQ-SF) and Jones irrational belief questionnaire (IBT) were used. For data analysis, multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was applied.Results: The findings of the present study indicated that there were some meaningful differences between smoker and non-smoker students in both maladaptive cognitive schemas (emotional deprivation, abandonment/instability, dependence/incompetence, subjugation, entitlement/grandiosity, insufficient self-control/self-discipline) and irrational beliefs (demand for approval, emotional irresponsibility, hopelessness changes and perfectionism).Conclusion: There is no doubt that most of human’s mental problems are due to primary maladaptive schemas and originate from irrational thoughts. Maladaptive cognitive schemas, particularly those which are basically formed as a result of unpleasant childhood experiences, cause the formation of false habits and behaviors. Thus, their treatment in smoking people is really important. Apart from maladaptive cognitive schemas, beliefs that are far from reality can pave the way for problems such as addiction by changing the attitude of people in interpreting events

Relationship between parenting styles, identity styles and students’ internet addiction in Kerman University of Medical Sciences

Introduction: Improper use of the internet and its subsequent effects has recently started to be considered as an important issue. Students are among the most vulnerable groups regarding this phenomenon. Although internet addiction can be related to different parenting styles, but the use of internet provides an opportunity to seek individual’s identity. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the relationship between parenting styles, identity styles and students’ internet addiction in Kerman University of Medical Sciences.Methods: In this descriptive correlational type of research, the study population included all students who were addicted to the internet at Kerman University of Medical Sciences in 2014. The research sample consisted of 375 subjects selected through multi-stage cluster sampling method. All participants completed the questionnaires on internet addiction, parenting and identity styles.Results: Findings showed that among different identity styles, there was a negative correlation between informational identity style and internet addiction. Moreover, there was a positive significant correlation between diffuse/avoidant identity style and internet addiction. Concerning different parenting styles, we could observe a positive significant correlation between permissive parenting style and internet addiction, while there was a negative significant correlation between authoritative parenting style and internet addiction. Additionally, regression analysis results illustrated that students’ internet addiction level could be predicted regarding their identity styles and their parents’ parenting styles.Conclusion: It seems that applying proper parenting styles and providing the requirements of successful identity achievement can lower the incidence of internet addiction

Effect of Sumac (Rhus coriaria) Extract on Blood Lipid Profile in White Wistar Rat

Background: Hyperlipidemia is one of the chronic diseases whose current solutions are the proper diet and chemical drugs. Evaluation of accessible medicinal plant recourses has an important role to prevent and treat the hyperlipidemia. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of sumac (Rhus coriaria) extract on blood lipid profile in white Wistar rat.Methods: This laboratory animal experiment was conducted on 21 white Wistar rats during four weeks. The research units divided into three groups separately were fed by normal diet, fatty diet without sumac extract and fatty diet with sumac extract. The samples were excluded after appearing sick-like behaviors. Finally, data were analyzed in SPSS ver. 16 software using ANOVA and LSD tests.Results: The mean weight of rats was 310±26 gram. The mean blood cholesterol had significant difference in fatty diet with sumac group in compared with control group from the second week to the end of study (P<0.001), also the mean triglyceride was increased significantly during the study in fatty diet with sumac extract group (P=0.47). The mean HDL and LDL had no significant change during the study (P>0.05).Conclusion: According to the findings of this study, the use of sumac with fatty diet can be effective to reduce blood cholesterol in prevention and treatment of hyperlipidemia

Comparison the effect of corticosteroid injection with physiotherapy in treatment of painful arch of shoulder

زمینه و هدف: سندرم قوس دردناک شانه به دو صورت جراحی و غیر جراحی درمان می شود. درمان غیر جراحی شامل استفاده از داروهای ضد التهابی استروئیدی و غیر استروئیدی و یا فیزیوتراپی است. لذا هدف این مطالعه بررسی مقایسه میزان اثربخشی تزریق کورتیکواستروئید و فیزیوتراپی در درمان این بیماری می باشد. روش بررسی: در یک کار آزمایی بالینی دو سویه کور 124 بیمار که با شکایت درد یا محدودیت حرکت شانه به درمانگاه ارتوپدی بیمارستان آیت اله کاشانی شهرکرد مراجعه و برای آنها بیماری قوس دردناک شانه تشخیص داده شد بطور تصادفی به دو گروه 62 نفری تقسیم شدند. در گروه اول 40 میلی گرم متیل پردنیزولون در محل حداکثر حساسیت درد تزریق و در گروه دوم، بیماران تحت 10 جلسه فیزیوتراپی طی 2 هفته قرار گرفتند. نتیجه درمان بر اساس پرسشنامه ناتوانی شانه و میزان درد بیماران در هفته های 2، 6 و 11 جمع آوری و با استفاده از آزمون های آماری کای دو، t و آزمون مشاهدات تکرار شده تجزیه و تحلیل شد. یافته ها: میانگین سنی بیماران 5/9±3/42 سال بود. از نظر جنس و سن تفاوتی بین دو گروه مشاهده نشد. در یک بیمار گروه فیزیوتراپی و سه نفر از گروه تزریق کورتیکواستروئید عود بیماری مشاهده شد. روند کاهش معنی داری در میزان شاخص ناتوانی شانه و درد در هر دو گروه مشاهده شد (05/0

Lazer Navigating System: A New System for Finding and Removing Forigner Bodies

Finding Foreign Bodies (FB) inside different parts of the body have been difficult for all of the surgeons. Although at first it seems easy to remove these FB but during operation many problem for their removing can occurs, the most important of them is that they can not be find. Many orthopedists, general surgeons and neurosurgeons had experienced with this problem. In this study we are trying to show the efficacy of Lazer Navigating System (LNS) a new system that we have designed for finding and removing FB inside different parts of ..