Charge Manipulation Attacks Against Smart Electric Vehicle Charging Stations and Deep Learning-based Detection Mechanisms

The widespread deployment of "smart" electric vehicle charging stations (EVCSs) will be a key step toward achieving green transportation. The connectivity features of smart EVCSs can be utilized to schedule EV charging operations while respecting user preferences, thus avoiding synchronous charging from a large number of customers and relieving grid congestion. However, the communication and connectivity requirements involved in smart charging raise cybersecurity concerns. In this work, we investigate charge manipulation attacks (CMAs) against EV charging, in which an attacker manipulates the information exchanged during smart charging operations. The objective of CMAs is to shift the EV aggregator's demand across different times of the day. The proposed CMAs can bypass existing protection mechanisms in EV communication protocols. We quantify the impact of CMAs on the EV aggregator's economic profit by modeling their participation in the day-ahead (DA) and real-time (RT) electricity markets. Finally, we propose an unsupervised deep learning-based mechanism to detect CMAs by monitoring the parameters involved in EV charging. We extensively analyze the attack impact and the efficiency of the proposed detection on real-world EV charging datasets. The results highlight the vulnerabilities of smart charging operations and the need for a monitoring mechanism to detect malicious CMAs

PT-Symmetric Talbot Effects

We show that complex PT-symmetric photonic lattices can lead to a new class of self-imaging Talbot effects. For this to occur, we find that the input field pattern, has to respect specific periodicities which are dictated by the symmetries of the system. While at the spontaneous PT-symmetry breaking point, the image revivals occur at Talbot lengths governed by the characteristics of the passive lattice, at the exact phase it depends on the gain and loss parameter thus allowing one to control the imaging process.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figure

Site-specific analysis of on wind turbines in complex terrain: A case study

This study aims to analyse and understand how the structural and drivetrain loads on the turbines can vary within a wind farm situated in a complex terrain. To this end, the flow field is studied using computational fluid and aero-elastic simulations and\ua0 \ua0a modified version of the FAST software is used to determine the turbine response Verification of the numerical results is performed by using data from turbine SCADA system for a case study of R\uf6bergsfj\ue4llet wind farm with 8 turbines located in the mid-western part of Sweden

Applying GMDH-type Neural Network and Particle warm Optimization for Prediction of Liquefaction Induced Lateral Displacements

Lateral spreading and flow failure are amongst the most destructive effects of liquefaction. Estimation of the peril of lateral spreading requires characterization of subsurface conditions, principally soil density, fine content, groundwater conditions, site topography and seismic characteristics. In this paper a GMDH-type neural network and particle swarm optimization is developed for prediction of liquefaction induced lateral displacements. Using this method, a new model was proposed that is suitable for predicting the liquefaction induced lateral displacements. The proposed model was tested before the requested calculation. The data set which is contains 250 data points of liquefaction-induced lateral ground spreading case histories from eighteen different earthquakes was divided into two parts: 70% were used as training and 30% were used as a test set, which were randomly extracted from the database. After initially testing on the input_output process, the predicted values were compared with experimental values to evaluate the performance of the group method of data handling neural network method

Organic Thin Film Transistor with Carbon Nanotube Electrodes

The contact resistance between organic semiconductors and metallic electrodesaffectsthe performance of the organic thin film transistor (OTFT) negatively so that it may make thefield effect mobility of charge carrier seem small. In order to reduce the contact resistance weused conducting Carbon Nanotube (CNT) films, which consist of the same element as the basicmaterial of the organic semiconductors, as source or drain electrodes. The measurements oftransistor properties based on pentacene single crystals have been carried out by using both CNTfilm electrodes and metal electrode

Development of blade element momentum (BEM) method for hydropower

The BEM method is extensively used for analyzing the aerodynamic performance of wind turbines and marine propellers. It is computationally fast and is easily implemented while it can give fairly accurate results. Application of the BEM method to predict the forces acting on rotor blades for a model scale axial shaft-driven Counter-Rotating Pump-Turbine (CRPT) is investigated. Some modifications have been proposed to adopt the classical BEM method for CRPT machine and the results are validated against results from Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). The results display that the proposed modifications can improve the loading predicted by BEM. However, the improvements are more pronounced in pump mode rather than turbine mode

Učinak četiriju ljekovitih biljaka na proizvodnju, biokemijske pokazatelje u krvi i ilealnu mikrofloru u tovnih pilića.

This study was conducted with broilers to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation of four medicinal plants on the performance, blood lipids and microflora population in the ileum. Three hundred and thirty-six dayold Ross broiler chicks were used in a completely randomized study with 6 treatments and 4 replicates each. The diets were iso-caloric and iso-nitrogenous and contained 15, 3, 2 and 2 g/kg of dried cumin, peppermint, yarrow and poley herbs, respectively. Two dietary treatments were considered the negative (containing no medicinal plant or antibiotic) and positive (containing Flavomycin at 0.4 g/kg) control groups. Flavomycin and peppermint supplementation to the diet increased the FI and BWG of the broiler chickens compared to the control (P<0.01). Dietary Flavomycin significantly increased body weight gain (BWG) in contrast to the other dietary treatments (P<0.05). Peppermint and cumin supplementation to the diet increased the BWG of the broiler chickens, whereas dietary poley and yarrow significantly reduced the BWG and increased feed conversion ratio (FCR) when compared with broilers fed the negative control diet (P<0.05). Dietary Flavomycin and peppermint increased the concentration of triglycerides (TG), low density lipoprotein (LDL) and total cholesterol in serum (P<0.05). Addition of Flavomycin or peppermint to the diet significantly reduced the ileal Bifidobacteria and Clostridia (P<0.05). In conclusion, under the conditions of this study, peppermint improved growth performance and adding it to the diet could be an alternative to the use of antibiotics as growth promoters in poultry production.Istraživanje je poduzeto s ciljem da se procijene učinci dodatka u hranu četiriju biljaka od medicinskog značenja na proizvodnju, sadržaj lipida u krvi i mikrofloru u ileumu. U pokus je bilo uzeto 336 jednodnevnih tovnih pilića linije Ross, nasumce raspoređenih, od kojih je svaki prošao šest tretmana s četiri ponavljanja. Hrana je bila jednake kalorične vrijednosti i dušičnog sastava, a sadržavala je 15 g/kg suhog kumina, 3 g/kg peperminta, 2 g/kg stolisnika i 2 g/kg biljke dubačac. Dva pripravka hrane smatrana su negativnima (nisusadržavala ljekovito bilje ili antibiotike) i pozitivnima (sadržavali su flavomicin 0,4 g/kg). Dodatak flavomicina i peperminta hrani povećao je unos hrane i prirast tjelesne mase tovnih pilića u usporedbi s kontrolom (P<0,01). Dodatak flavomicina značajno je povećao prirast tjelesne mase u odnosu na dodatak drugih biljaka (P<0,05). Dodatkom peperminta i kumina u hranu također se povećala tjelesna masa tovnih pilića, dok su dubačac i stolisnik značajno smanjili tjelesnu masu i povećali omjer konverzije hrane u usporedbi s kontrolnim pilićima (P<0,05). Flavocin i pepermint u hrani povećali su koncentraciju triglicerida, lipoproteina niske gustoće i ukupnog kolesterola u serumu (P<0,05). Dodavanje flavocina ili peperminta u hranu, značajno je smanjilo količinu ilealnih Bifidobacteria i Clostridia (P<0,05). Može se zaključiti da je pepermint pojačao rast tovnih pilića te da njegovo dodavanje hrani može biti zamjena za antibiotike kao promotore rasta u proizvodnji peradi