Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Affects behavior by Biasing Endogenous Cortical Oscillations

A governing assumption about repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has been that it interferes with task-related neuronal activity – in effect, by “injecting noise” into the brain – and thereby disrupts behavior. Recent reports of rTMS-produced behavioral enhancement, however, call this assumption into question. We investigated the neurophysiological effects of rTMS delivered during the delay period of a visual working memory task by simultaneously recording brain activity with electroencephalography (EEG). Subjects performed visual working memory for locations or for shapes, and in half the trials a 10-Hz train of rTMS was delivered to the superior parietal lobule (SPL) or a control brain area. The wide range of individual differences in the effects of rTMS on task accuracy, from improvement to impairment, was predicted by individual differences in the effect of rTMS on power in the alpha-band of the EEG (∼10 Hz): a decrease in alpha-band power corresponded to improved performance, whereas an increase in alpha-band power corresponded to the opposite. The EEG effect was localized to cortical sources encompassing the frontal eye fields and the intraparietal sulcus, and was specific to task (location, but not object memory) and to rTMS target (SPL, not control area). Furthermore, for the same task condition, rTMS-induced changes in cross-frequency phase synchrony between alpha- and gamma-band (>40 Hz) oscillations predicted changes in behavior. These results suggest that alpha-band oscillations play an active role cognitive processes and do not simply reflect absence of processing. Furthermore, this study shows that the complex effects of rTMS on behavior can result from biasing endogenous patterns of network-level oscillations

Mobile phone usage in patients with type II diabetes and their intention to use it for self-management: A cross-sectional study in Iran

Background: Mobile health has potential for promotion of self-management in patients with chronic diseases. This study was conducted to investigate smartphone usage in patients with type II diabetes and their intention to use it for self-management. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2018 with 176 patients with type II diabetes visiting a specialized diabetes clinic or one of two endocrinology and metabolism specialists in north of Iran. Data were collected using a validated questionnaire containing items on demographic characteristics, disease information, use of mobile phones, smartphones and the internet, and intention to use mobile phones for diabetes self-management. Results: The majority of the participants had mobile phones (94.9), smartphones (61.1), and daily access to the internet (81.3), and used phones two hours per day on average (80.1). They mostly used mobile phones to contact friends (89.2) and search for information (50.6), and their greatest intention for using smartphones and the internet for self-management was related to dietary planning (96), checking blood glucose (90.9), and contacting specialists (87.5). Younger participants were more interested in using smartphone applications (apps) (P < 0.001). About half of the participants argued that using apps can be interesting (54) and useful (50) for diabetes management, and intended to use apps much more in future (48.3). Conclusions: The majority of patients with type II diabetes are inclined to use mobile phone and the Internet, especially to plan their diet, check blood glucose, and contact their doctors. The present study provides valuable information for designing and implementing interventions based on mHealth to promote self-management in type II diabetes. © 2020 The Author(s)

Gaussian-shaped Optical Frequency Comb Generation for Microwave Photonic Filtering

Using only electro-optic modulators, we generate a 41-line 10-GHz Gaussian-shaped optical frequency comb. We use this comb to demonstrate apodized microwave photonic filters with greater than 43-dB sidelobe suppression without the need for a pulse shaper.Comment: 3 pages, 4 figure

Prevalence of dentine hypersensitivity among university students in Turkey

Background and Objective: Dentine hypersensitivity (DH) is a common clinical finding with a wide variation in prevalence values. There is lack of data on the prevalence of dentinal sensitivity in Turkish population. The aim of this study was to establish the prevalence of DH and to examine some associated factors such as initiating stimuli among university students in Kýrýkkale, Turkey.Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among undergraduates of University of Kýrýkkale, Turkey. An electronic questionnaire was developed and distributed via e-mail to undergraduate students in Kýrýkkale University. Self-administered questionnaire elicited information on demography, self-reported dentinal sensitivity, thetrigger factor, professional treatment taken, and duration time. Test of significance was done with Chi square statistics. P&lt;0.05 was considered as significant.Results: A total of 1463 responses were evaluated in this study. One hundred and twenty-four students were diagnosed as having DH, giving a prevalence figure of 8.4%. The prevalence of DH in females was significantly higher than that in males. The most common initiating factor was cold drinks. Tooth sensitivity was found to be common among hardtoothbrush users. About 46% of patients reported that they had not undergone any treatment for the discomfort and 35% reported having had some sort of treatment. Among the participants with dentinal sensitivity, 58.8% of the respondents reported that they use soft drinks occasionally. Approximately 64.2% of the patients claimed that DH was present for1–6 days and the majority (87%) of the patients with hypersensitive teeth experienced pain occasionally.Conclusion: The prevalence of DH among university students was 8.4%. DH is not a common problem in undergraduate university students

Penyidikan terhadap Konflik antara Desa Kabun dan Desa Aliantan di Wilayah Hukum Kepolisian Resor Kabupaten Rokan Hulu

Social conflict can be caused by many things , namely the establishment of adifference, cultural background differences, different interests and groups, rapidchanges in social values in society, socio-economic disparities that exist. Socialconflicts in society can lead to a loss in one or all parties involved in the conflict,where this can be a material and moral damage. For example casualties in theconflict between the village and the village Kabun Aliantan, both injuries andeven fatalities can be contained. Based on this understanding, then writing thisessay to formulate two formulation of the problem, namely : First, how theinvestigation of the conflict between the Village and the Village Aliantan KabunTerritory Police Law Rokan Hulu ? Secondly, what are the obstacles in theprocess of the interrogation of the conflict between the Village and the VillageKabun Aliantan Territory Police Law Rokan Hulu

Penambahan Sari Jeruk Nipis (Citrus Aurantifolia) terhadap Mutu Sirup Buah Kundur (Benincasahispida)

The purpose of this research was to obtain the best ratio of bligo extracts and lime extracts in the manufacturing of syrup. This research used Complete Randomized Design (CRD) with four treatments and four replication which followed by Duncan's New Multiple Range Test (DNMRT) at level 5%. The treatments in this research included KD0 (ratio of bligo extracts and lime extracts 100 : 0), KD1 (bligo extracts and lime extracts 95 : 5), KD2 (ratio bligo extracts and lime extracts 90 : 10), KD3 (bligo extracts and lime extracts 85 : 15). The result showed that the ratio of bligo extracts and lime extracts significantly affected pH, sucrose, viscosity, total dissolved and sensory value (colour, flavour , taste and overall acceptability) but are did not significant affected the sensory value viscosity. The best treatment was KD3 (bligo extracts and lime extracts 85 : 15) with pH 3,96, sucrose 65%, viscosity 295,82cP, total dissolved 70,63 obrix and sensory scores of KD3 are 2,47 (colour), 2,37 (flavour), 1,87 (taste), and comprehersive score (3,80)