Some classes of perfect strongly annihilating-ideal graphs associated with commutative rings

summary:Let $R$ be a commutative ring with identity and $A(R)$ be the set of ideals with nonzero annihilator. The strongly annihilating-ideal graph of $R$ is defined as the graph ${\rm SAG}(R)$ with the vertex set $A(R)^*=A(R)\setminus\{0\}$ and two distinct vertices $I$ and $J$ are adjacent if and only if $I\cap {\rm Ann}(J)\neq (0)$ and $J\cap {\rm Ann}(I)\neq (0)$. In this paper, the perfectness of ${\rm SAG}(R)$ for some classes of rings $R$ is investigated

Recurrent Human Tragedy During Hajj

Hajj, a unique yearly mass gathering pilgrimage of more than 2 million Muslims from around the world, presents enormous challenges to the Saudian Arabia government. The potential for deadly epidemic outbreaks of bacterial and viral diseases leading to upper respiratory infection and meningitis and human stampedes call for prompt attention from both pilgrims and the ministry of health. Trauma during Hajj is a real surgical dilemma that deserves special attention. Stampede during Hajj presents the most dreaded trauma risk. In 2006, the Hajj stampede led to pilgrims crossing over fallen down pilgrims and ended up with 289 injured and 380 deaths. Fatalities are caused by head injury and asphyxiation, that cannot be attended to in huge crowds. Every year, because of overcrowding and population density, numerous pilgrims, are traumatized or killed during the Hajj rituals

Iranian Population Policy and Aging: New Health Concerns

Iran’s population policy underwent a bizarre fluctuation in recent decades. During the Iran–Iraq war (1979–1987), the total fertility rate was about 6.53%. Following this period and owing to economic problems, the government reversed the population policy in 1988. A new population plan was officially proposed to reduce the rate of population growth. In the 2011 census, the birth rate was reported to have declined to 1.29%. Moreover, according to data from the World Health Organization (WHO), the life expectancy in Iran increased dramatically from 54.67 years in 1980 to 75.5 years in 2015. Both these factors increased the rate of population aging (or the double-aging process). The migration of young adults to other countries has also accelerated this phenomenon. The 2011 census observed a significant demographic change in the elderly population of Iran (the percentage of the elderly population increased from 7.27% to 8.20% from 2006 to 2011, and to 8.65% in 2016). The aging population is predicted to rise to 10.5% in 2025 and to 21.7% in 2050. Recently, considering the predictions relating to population aging, the government policy has changed. It is now pushing for an increase in the rate of population growth

El impacto del factor ambiental en el desarrollo económico de Kerman durante el Ilkanato

Natural phenomena are one of the influencing factors in the economic and social situation of human societies. However, it is clear that the mode and extent of this effect depends on the natural state of this or that area. On the other hand, Iran's historical events and circumstances appear to have been less studied geographically. The present study examines the probable impact of the natural phenomena of the Kerman province, their prominent and diverse natural and human characteristics on the sources of the Iakhanan period. For this purpose, it uses the historical and geographical reports of the 7th and 8th centuries. The above findings are important in this regard, demonstrating the history of economic developments in Kerman and other parts of Iran should not affect only in light of human events.Los fenómenos naturales son uno de los factores influyentes en la situación económica y social de las sociedades humanas. Sin embargo, está claro que el modo y el alcance de este efecto depende del estado natural de esta o aquella área. Por otro lado, los eventos y circunstancias históricas de Irán parecen haber sido menos estudiados desde una perspectiva geográfica. El presente estudio examina el probable impacto de los fenómenos naturales de la provincia de Kerman, sus características naturales y humanas prominentes y diversas en las fuentes del período Iakhanan. Para este propósito, se sirve de los informes históricos y geográficos de los siglos VII y VIII. Los hallazgos anteriores son importantes a este respecto, lo que demuestra que la historia de los desarrollos económicos de Kerman y otras partes de Irán no deben considerarse solo a la luz de los acontecimientos humanos

INVESTIGATING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INCOME VARIATION AND EFFICIENCY OF BANKS ACCEPTED IN THE STOCK EXCHANGE

Abstract. The purpose of this research was to investigate the relationship between income variation and efficiency of banks accepted in the stock exchange. This research is descriptive-correlative method and is of applied research type. The statistical population of the study is all banks accepted in the Tehran Stock Exchange during the years 2012 to 2016, in which 15 banks have been active throughout the entire period of the research in the stock market. The research data were extracted from financial statements of banks and analyzed using regression models using combination data. The research findings showed that there was a relationship between the size of the bank and the efficiency of the banks accepted in the stock exchange, as well as between the equity and the efficiency of the banks accepted to the stock exchange.Keywords: Income Variation, Bank Efficiency, Bank Size, Equity

Nicotine Dependence Severity and Revised Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory: Assessing the Mediating Role of Risky Decision Making Using Path Analysis

Background: Gray’s revised Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory (r-RST) is a neuropsychologicalexplanation of personality that has been broadly used in substance use disorders. Although theBehavioral Approach System (BAS) is strongly related to nicotine dependence, findings inBehavioral Inhibition System (BIS) are controversial and there is little information about therole of the Fight/Flight/Freeze System (FFFS) in nicotine dependence. The purpose of thepresent study was to evaluate the mediating role of Risky Decision Making (RDM) in thisrelationship to clarify the controversy and fill the gap.Methods: The final sample of this correlation study comprised of 347 university students (age,Mean±SD 23.2±6.7) who completed two self-report measures, including the Fagerstrom TestFor Nicotine Dependence (FTND), Jackson-5 questionnaire of r-RST, and a computerizedIowa Gambling Task (IGT) to measure RDM. Pearson correlation and a path analysisframework were used to determine the simple, direct, and indirect effects of r-RST systems onnicotine dependence severity through RDM.Results: Using Amos, path analyses demonstrated significant direct and indirect effects ofBAS and FFFS/BIS on tobacco use. Also, the relationship between BAS/FFFS/BIS andtobacco use was shown to be mediated by RDM.Conclusion: It was demonstrated that the relationship among BAS /FFFS/BIS and tobaccouse can be partly explained using maladaptive RDM strategies, suggesting that decreasingreliance on decision-making in risky situations, while increasing the use of decision-makingskills educations in risky situations, and increasing the use of alternative sensation and funseeking by smoking and emotion regulation and mindfulness-based therapie