Homesickness, Depression and Happiness in University Students of Hamadan, Iran

Background and aims: Students are exposed to multiple various mental disorders. One of the most important difficulties the students encounter are homesickness and depression the occurrence of which cause less happiness in the students. This study was conducted to investigate the relationship among 3 factors of homesickness, depression, and happiness in dormitory students of Hamedan University of Medical Sciences. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out on 387 dormitory students of Hamedan University of Medical Sciences from January to April 2016. The participants of the study were selected through stratified random sampling technique with proportional allocation. Data were collected through self-reporting and four questionnaires including demographic data questionnaire, homesickness Benfleet questionnaire, University Students Depression Inventory (USDI), and Oxford happiness questionnaire. A quantitative analysis of the inquiry was performed using SPSS software, version 23. Results: The results showed that depression had an indirect relationship (-0.6) with happiness. That is, by increasing the depression scores happiness will decrease. In addition, depression had a significantly direct relationship (0.3) with homesickness. It implies that an increase in homesickness score leads to an increase in depression score. Moreover, homesickness had a significantly indirect relationship (-0.2) with happiness. Namely, an increase in homesickness, results in a decrease in happiness. Conclusion: In view of the results obtained and given the importance of mental health of the students in dormitories, it seems that the reasons related to homesickness and depression should be recognized and included in intervention and prevention programs. Besides, appropriate interventions must be designed and implemented in this regard

The Role of Interventions in Reduction of Smoking in High School Adolescents: A Review Study

Background and Objectives: Today nicotine has been known as an addictive substance and difficult to quit. Cigarette dependence also occurs quickly and high prevalence of nicotine dependence has made it the most common psychiatric disorder. This study was performed with the purpose of evaluating and comparing interventions based on training methods and training based on the use of theories and models of health education to reduce smoking in adolescents. Methods: Electronic search was performed using Persian and English keywords in Iran medical science databank (Iran Medex), Scientific Information Database (SID), PubMed, Science direct, Biomed Central from April 21 to June 5, 2015. Results: Nine interventional researches were investigated in this review study. The interventions were divided into two studies, which, in general, theories and models of health education were the basis for intervention in 5 studies, and 4 other interventions were carried out without the use of theories and models of health education. All studies were performed as intervention and control. Conclusion: The results showed that education based on theory and models of health education has a major impact on the reduction of smoking in adolescents. Also, time, method of interventions, and training programs using appropriate models and theories is of great importance in the effectiveness of interventions to reduce smoking in adolescents. &nbsp

Drought Monitoring in Chaharmahl-Bakhtiyari Province in Iran

Abstract The monitoring of drought is the most important factor in water resources management. This study focuses on evaluation of the drought characteristics such as intensity, frequency and duration drought using Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) in different time scales such as: SPI1, SPI3 months, during 1980-2012. The results show that selection of different time scales can be based on management goals and kind of drought. The results of the drought occurrence frequency showed that, with increase of length of time scales, drought duration will increase and maximum frequency was at the normal level and there is no particular procedure in different time scales. Furthermore, Drought patterns maps showed that the northern and central parts of study area had experienced these recent droughts more than other places, and these place have potential to destroy the lands. So, by identification of sensitivity regions can be take appropriate management to prevent damage resulting of drought

KEYWORDS Early blight of potatoes Evaluation of greenhouse Pathogenicity Resistance EVALUATION OF DISEASE RESISTANCE POTENTIAL OF SEVEN POTATO GENOTYPES AGAINST EARLY BLIGHT CAUSED BY Alternaria tenuissima UNDER GREENHOUSE CONDITIONS

ABSTRACT Early blight of potato was caused by various species of genus Alternaria, the disease has a prominent role in reducing crop yields in most of the countries, especially in Iran. Various studies has been conducted for the finding out the information regarding the diversity of pathogen and estimation of damage caused by genus Alternaria tenuissima in Iran, but the information regarding the resistance against this fungal pathogen in various genotype of potatoes are in scarcity. Seven isolates of potato were obtained from the National Plant Gene Bank of Iran. Amongst these seven, on the basis of mean comparison curve progress Cosmos was recognized as the most sensitive genetic samples while the samples Armida was reported as a most resistant to the disease. Other cultivars showed different levels of resistance against this pathogen

Drought Monitoring in Chaharmahl-Bakhtiyari Province in Iran

<div><p>Abstract The monitoring of drought is the most important factor in water resources management. This study focuses on evaluation of the drought characteristics such as intensity, frequency and duration drought using Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) in different time scales such as: SPI1, SPI3 months, during 1980-2012. The results show that selection of different time scales can be based on management goals and kind of drought. The results of the drought occurrence frequency showed that, with increase of length of time scales, drought duration will increase and maximum frequency was at the normal level and there is no particular procedure in different time scales. Furthermore, Drought patterns maps showed that the northern and central parts of study area had experienced these recent droughts more than other places, and these place have potential to destroy the lands. So, by identification of sensitivity regions can be take appropriate management to prevent damage resulting of drought.</p></div

The role of socio-demographic factors associated with water pipe smoking among male adolescents, in western Iran: A cross-sectional study

Aim and objective Water pipe (WP) smoking is a significant leisure activity among young people in Iran that is on the rise. The purpose of this study was to identify the role of socio-demographic factors associated with WP smoking among male adolescents in Iran. Methods The study used a cross-sectional design. It included 730 high school male students (grades 10-12)recruited through multi-stage random sampling conducted in 2017 in the Hamadan city of western Iran. The self-administered questionnaires included information on demographic variables and behavioral risk factors related to WP smoking. Statistical analyses were executed using SPSS version 22 summarizing descriptive statistics and conducting inferential statistics through multi nominal logistic regression modeling. Results The mean (SD) ages of the students and at WP smoking initiation were 16.41(0.84) and 13.31 (2.43), respectively. The distribution of never, ever and current WP smoking were 37.3 %, 35.3% and 27.4%, respectively. We found that ever cigarette smoking (OR=5.34; 95% CI [2.66, 10.73]) and WP smoking family (OR=2.41; 95% CI [1.32, 4.40]) were significantly associated with ever WP smoking. WP smoking friends (OR= 0.50; 95% CI [0.35, 0.72]) had protective role on ever WP smoking. Also, the variables18 years of age, studying in technical fields, ever and current smoking of cigarettes and family usage of WP smoking were significantly associated with the current usage of WP smoking. Conclusion The results indicated that the prevalence of ever and current WP smoking were high in Hamadan city. Thus, designing and implementing interventions for increasing students’, friends' and family's awareness regarding the harms of WP smoking and cigarette smoking facilitating behavior change in this direction is necessary. Funding This study was supported by Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran

Comparison of Eight Weeks of Training in the Water and Land on Changes in Lumbar Lordosis of Girl Students of Yazd City

Introduction: Injuries related to lordosis 30 to 40 percent of spinal disorders have been allocated that the economic aspects of health care has also attracted attention. The aim of the present study was comparison of effect of eight weeks training in dry and water on change in lordosis of female students in Yazd. Materials and Methods: In this research 42 girls with lordosis in 9 to 12 years old were randomly selected from schools in Yazd and randomly divided into three groups of training in water (14 cases), land (n=14) and control group (14 people). Training program participants for eight weeks was carried out. Subject's lordosis was measured by flexible ruler as a noninvasive and reliable method of exercise before and after eight weeks. Repeated measures method was used for data analysis of pre-test and post-test. Results: The findings show that training on land and water had a positive effect on improving participant’s lordosis (P≤/05), but there was no significant difference in lordosis correction between two study groups (P≥/05). Conclusion: According to the results, both on land and water corrective exercise program for girls with lumbar lordosis is useful and there was no difference between the two programs in the reduction of lumbar lordosis. It is recommended that the land and water exercises for people with lumbar lordosis given, and each of these methods has its own specific characteristics which, according to experts identify the persons recommended.Keywords: Lordosis, Exercise on Land and Water, Corrective Exercise

Detection of A2142C, A2142G, and A2143G Mutations in 23s rRNA Gene Conferring Resistance to Clarithromycin among Helicobacter pylori Isolates in Kerman, Iran

Background: Clarithromycin resistance in Helicbacter pylori has been found to be associated with point mutations in 23s rRNA gene leads to reduced affinity of the antibiotic to its ribosomal target or changing the site of methylation. The aim of this study was to determine the most important point mutations in 23s rRNA gene in H. pylori that are closely related to clarithromycin resistance among such isolates. Methods: Sixty three H. pylori isolates, obtained from gastric biopsy speciemens in Kerman, Iran, were used to evaluate their susceptibility to clarithromycin by disk diffusion test, and to detect the most common point mutations in 23s rRNA gene associated with clarithromycin resistance by Polymerase chain reaction-amplification and restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and 3'-mismatch PCR. Results: 31.7% of the H. pylori isolates were resistant to clarithromycin, and each of the resistant isolate had at least one of the most common point mutations in 23s rRNA gene associated with calrithromycin resistance. Conclusion: According to our results three common point mutation in 23s rRNA gene in H. pylori are closely related to clarithromycin resistance. There was an absolute relation between 23s rRNA gene point mutations and clarithromycin resistance in this study. Helicbacter pylori resistance to clarithromycin can cause failure in the eradications of the bacteria. The resistance of the bacteria is expanding in most parts of the world including Ira