Securing ATM with OTP and Biometric

In today’s world, money can be required at anytime or anywhere such as shopping, travelling or health emergencies etc. The need of money can only be satisfied when you are carrying money with you. That also increases the risk of getting robed. Bank is a safest place to keep money. Bank provides Automated teller machine (ATM) which can provide money any where you want. ATM is an easy way to get money, you just need to insert card and password and you just got the money. But what if someone will steal your card and somehow he/she will know your password, it will grant him/her full access to your money. That raise question on present security and demands something new in the system that can provide second level of security. One time password (OTP) is password that validates an authentic user for only one login to the respective system. If user is unauthorized, system will not allow further access. OTP can be generated by using different cryptographic hash functions that provides a fixed string which can be used as second level security at ATM. In generation of OTP there are many factors that can make OTP unique every time it is generated. Factors that can be considered are time at when the user is accessing the machine, account number of the user, mobile number of the user, Location of the user, International Mobile station Equipment Identity (IMEI) number which is unique for every mobile device. By taking into consideration factors like daily life problem (general problems) that is phone got switched off, battery is down; less coverage of network can affect the OTP solution etc. To avoid application based problem this report also suggest a solution i.e. biometric security; by using biometric security the alternative security will be as same as OTP. DOI: 10.17762/ijritcc2321-8169.16046

Prediction of the Chemical Composition of Urinary Calculi Using CT

Purpose: Our objective for this study was to determine the precision of spiral CT in identifying the chemical composition of different types of urinary calculi with measurement of absolute HU values of region of interest (ROI)using unenhanced spiral CT. Materials and methods :A total of ( 50 ) urinary stones, obtained from patients who underwent open surgery ,were scanned with a multidetector row scanner using ( 2 ) mm collimation at energy level of ( 120 ) kV at (200 ) mA .Two post-scanning protocols were used for the HU value assignment ,tissue and bone windows. In both protocols ,three transverse planes were defined in each stone , one near the top, one in the middle ,and one near the bottom. Three regions of interest (ROI ) were obtained in each plane .The absolute HU value was determined by three methods :the mean of nine ROI ,the mean of the central three ROI ,and the central ROI in the middle plane .Determination of the stones composition was performed using the absolute HU value measured at ( 120 ) kV .All stones were analyzed by infrared spectroscopy to determine their chemical composition. Results : the calculi classified into groups according to their chemical composition .A total of 50 calculi ,include ( 34 ) pure stones[ (14 )uric acid (UA), ( 15 ) calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM), (5) Struvite] ,and (16) mixed stones [(7) COM +hydroxyl apatite (HA), (4) COM +uric acid, (5) mixed Struvite + COM + hydroxyapatite] were included in the statistical analysis. Using the absolute HU values at ( 120 ) k V , we could distinguish ,with statistical significance ,all pure types from each other ,from the least to the most dense , the pure stone types were UA , struvite ,COM . Mixed UA + COM calculi were more dense and significantly different from pure UA but insignificantly different from Struvite , Struvite and COM can differentiated from each other but there were insignificant differences between them and mixed stones (COM+UA and struvite+COM+HA ) . Mixed COM + HA stones were the most dense stones and can differentiated from other types. Conclusion :This study suggest that the measurement of absolute HU values at a single energy level utilizing CT scanning with small collimation size can uncover significant differences among all pure stones and insignificant for mixed stones

Long-Term Effects of Teacher Training and Other Intervening Factors on Teaching Styles of Foreign-Language Instructors

This study investigated the long-term effects of a learner-centered-oriented-teacher training on teaching styles of foreign-language instructors at a multilanguage institute to assess the relationship between the training and the teaching practice. A mixed-method design was employed, and the data were collected from 165 participants who took the Principles of Adult Learning Style (Conti, 1978, 2004) and who provided their written reflections on the training, in addition to follow-up interviews with 12 language instructors. Results of one-sample t tests showed statistically significant differences between the teaching styles of language instructors at the institute and the general population of adult educators indicating that the overall teaching approach of foreign-language instructors falls on the teacher-centered side of the scale. On the subscales, the instructors also reported more teacher-centered approach on learner-centered activities, personalizing instruction, climate building, and flexibility for personal development, but they showed more learner-centered practice on relating to experience, assessing student needs, and participation in the learning process. Kendall\u27s Tau-b rank correlations revealed that the teaching style is associated with some demographic variables, and ordinal-logistic-regression suggested that teaching style could be predicted from the time when the instructor took the training, satisfaction with the training, education, gender, age group, and the language category. Analysis of instructors’ reflections and the interviews supported the instructors’ self-reporting about their teaching practices, and thematic analysis resulted in several factors that are accounted for the teacher-centered practice such as the preassigned curriculum, lack of preparation time, lack of inschool support, lack of motivation to use the learner-centered approach, lack of conviction in classroom applicability of the training, resistance to change, influence of native culture and teacher-centered schooling, explanation of language form, and the achievement-oriented teaching. The instructors acknowledged that the teacher training helped them with language-teaching methods, experiential setting for construction of knowledge, and formulation of teaching vision. The study concluded that there is a need to strengthen the association between the learner-centered-oriented-teacher training and the instructors’ classroom practices, and recommendations are made to address the intervening factors that tip the teaching practice toward teacher-centered approach. Also, possible areas of future research are suggested to corroborate the findings from this study

OTP Generation using SHA

OTP (One Time Password) is not an old term for security field in computer science. There are various algorithms available to generate OTP for example HOTP (HMAC based OTP), TOTP (Time based OTP), S/Key. In this paper an OTP generation method is advised using SHA-1 algorithm, also how it is calculated and how it delivered to end device. This paper is related to my previous paper on “Securing ATM with OTP and Biometrics”. DOI: 10.17762/ijritcc2321-8169.160410

Variable Flux Profile Optimization of a High Flux Solar Simulator

A High Flux Solar Simulator (HFSS) provides artificial solar radiation using an array of high- intensity discharge lamps attached to ellipsoidal reflectors to focus their light to a point where high temperatures can be achieved. High flux solar simulators are used for solar thermal and thermochemical research. They provide high-flux radiation used for controlled lab-scaled experimentation as an alternative to concentrated solar power systems which depends on sunlight, which is intermittent. In this project, a HFSS model is developed consisting of ten 2.5 KW metal halide lamps mounted in a truncated ellipsoidal reflector with variable flux profile capability. The novel variability in flux profile is useful in achieving different ranges of temperatures with different flux profile configurations that can be used for a wide range of solar thermal, thermochemical, and photovoltaic research applications. The variation in the flux profile of the solar simulator model is achieved by changing the angle of the lamp module with respect to the target, changing the distance between the arc of the bulb and the focal point of the reflector and by varying the power of the lamps. Ray-tracing simulation software, Trace-Pro is used to analyze the variation in the flux profile with respect to the change in parameters of the solar simulator, and a relationship is determined by fitting various curve fit types, and a piecewise worked the best. This relationship is used to define the optimization model for obtaining the optimal configuration of the HFSS model using a trust-region reflective optimization method. The objective of the optimization model is to reduce the sum of the squared difference between the user-defined flux profile and the flux profile of the solar simulator model obtained by varying its parameters. Several user-defined flux profile configurations are tested. The optimization model was able to approximate the user-defined flux profile within the achievable limits of the flux profile of the solar simulator. Thus, reducing the effort in manually adjusting the parameters of the high flux solar simulator

Define Ureteric Stones Composition by Infrared Spectroscopy and Study Associated Factors in South of Iraq

Infrared spectroscopic method (physical method) of stone analysis was used to study forty ureteric calculi that were extracted by different techniques or past spontaneously from patients with age range 2-63 years, 27male and 13 female, and overall sex ratio 2:1 . We found the most common stones were pure calcium oxalate monohydrate 42.5% followed by pure uric acid stones 12.5% and ammonium acid urate 10% , pure stone constitute about 80% and mixed stones constitute about 20% with calcium oxalate monohydrate and uric acid (mixed stone) about 7.5% . The risk of having specific type of stone was analyzed by selected predictor variables :- mixed type stone was significantly associated with past history of urolithiasis, gout with urate type of stone and young female with recurrent UTI with phosphate type of stone . The success rate of stone retrieval by ureteroscopy and ESWL was found to be inversely related to:- UTI, past history of urolithiasis, mixed type of stone, stone size > 1.2 cm, phosphate variety of stones . Stone distribution by age and sex was different according to the crystalline component of each type

Ultra wideband antenna for microwave imaging using modified fractal structure

Since the Federal Communication Commission release of bandwidth of 7.5 GHz (from 3.1 GHz to 10.6 GHz) for ultra wideband application (UWB), UWB is rapidly advancing as a high data rate wireless technology. Moreover, there are more challenges in designing a UWB antenna than a narrow band antenna. A suitable UWB antenna should be capable of operating over an ultra wide bandwidth as allocated by the FCC. In addition, satisfactory radiation properties over the whole frequency range are necessary as well. This project presents the design with fractal geometry of an UWB patch antenna. To achieve UWB characteristic, a planer antenna is considered for the design purpose. The configuration of designed antenna consisted of a partial ground and the patch with addition of two stairs in its bottom edge connected with the feed line. The antenna was designed and optimized using CST Microwave Studio 2014. The proposed antenna is optimized to achieve a fractal shape by introducing slots in the patch at various positions with half grounded structure. A compact design has been observed as a result of optimization. Moreover, the results have been analysed to get the desired bandwidth, and for the comparison purpose the antenna design has been fabricated using FR-4 dielectric substrate and measured its scattering parameters using vector network analyzer (VNA). The obtained results from the measurement have the bandwidth ranges from 2.2 GHz to 12GHz. The analysis of simulated and measured results shows a little deviation due to fabrication and coaxial cable losses