MINERALIZATION OF THE SELECTED BASE METAL DEPOSITS IN THE BARISAN RANGE, SUMATERA, INDONESIA (CASE STUDY AT LOKOP, DAIRI, LATONG, TANJUNG BALIT AND TUBOH)

Three types of base metal occurrences discovered along the Barisan Range, Sumatera are skarn, sedex and hydrothermal styles. The skarn styles include Lokop, Latong and Tuboh, while Dairi and Tanjung Balit belong to sedex and hydrothermal deposits, respectively. The Lokop deposit is dominated by galena with minor pyrite and is hosted within interbedded meta-sandstone, slate, phyllite, hornfels and quartzite of the Kluet Forma- tion. The Skarn Latong deposit consists of galena with minor sphalerite and chalcopyrite with skarn minerals of magnetite, garnet and calcite. It is hosted within the meta-limestone of the Kuantan Formation. The Skarn Tuboh deposit is dominated by sphalerite with minor galena, pyrite, manganese, hematite and magnetite. It is hosted within interbedded meta-sandstone and meta-limestone of the Rawas Formation. The Dairi deposit belongs to the sedimentary exhalative (sedex) type. It is hosted within the sedimentary sequence of the Kluet Formation. Two ore types known are Julu and Jehe mineralization. The Julu mineralization referring to as sediment exhalative (sedex), was formed syngenetically with carbonaceous shale. Ore mineralogies consist of galena, sphalerite and pyrite. The deposit was formed within the temperature range of 236-375°C with salinity ranges from 9,3-23% wt.NaCl. The Jehe mineralization which belongs to the Mississippi Valley-Type, is hosted within dolostone of the Jehe Member. Ores comprise galena, sphalerite, pyrite, chalcopyrite, tetrahedrite and tenantite. The deposit was formed at temperature range from 193-400°C with salinity up to 38.2% wt.NaCl. The Tanjung Balit deposit belongs to the hydrothermal mineralization. The deposit is hosted within the sedimentary sequence of the Silungkang Formation. Ores consist of chalcopyrite, galena and sphalerite with minor gold and silver. Hydrothermal minerals such as silica, illite, montmorillonite, pyropilite, muskovite, siderite, diaspor, dickite, magnesite, chlorite, carbonate, rhodochrosite, analcime, alunite, smectite, ankrite, calcite, dolomite, sericite and zeolite are common found. The Tanjung Balit mineralization is formed at the temperature range from 185-350°C and belongs to meso-epithermal type

Seroprevalence of cytomegalovirus and rubella among pregnant women in western Sudan

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Maternal cytomegalovirus (CMV) and rubella infections have adverse neonatal outcomes. Basic epidemiological data concerning CMV and rubella is necessary for health planners and care providers.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>A cross sectional study was conducted at El-Rahad hospital, Sudan to investigate seroprevalence of CMV and rubella infections and associated possible risk factors among pregnant women. Structured questionnaires were used to gather socio-demographic data and ELISA was used to detect CMV and rubella infections using IgG and IgM.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Out of 231 pregnant women, 167 (72.2%) and 151 (65.3%) were CMV-IgG and rubella-IgG positive, respectively. Only 6 (2.5%) and 8 women (3.4%) were CMV-IgM and rubella-IgM positive, respectively. While, high parity (OR = 14.7, 95%CI = 1.7 - 123.6; <it>P </it>= 0.01] and illiteracy (OR = 3.0, CI = 1.4 - 6.5; <it>P </it>= 0.004) were significantly associated with seropostive CMV-IgG in multivariate analysis, none of the other obstetrical and medical characteristics were significantly associated with CMV or rubella infections.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>CMV prevalence was 72.2% and rubella susceptibility among pregnant women was 34.6%. Rubella vaccine and routine screening for rubella and CMV should be introduced for pregnant women in this setting. Further research is needed.</p

Epidemiology of urinary tract infections and antibiotics sensitivity among pregnant women at Khartoum North Hospital

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Urinary tract infections (UTI) can lead to poor maternal and perinatal outcomes. Investigating epidemiology of UTI and antibiotics sensitivity among pregnant women is fundamental for care-givers and health planners.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>A cross sectional study has been conducted at Khartoum north teaching hospital Antenatal Care Clinic between February-June 2010, to investigate epidemiology of UTI and antibiotics resistance among pregnant women. Structured questionnaires were used to gather data from pregnant women. UTI was diagnosed using mid stream urine culture on standard culture media</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Out of 235 pregnant women included, 66 (28.0%) were symptomatic and 169 (71.9%) asymptomatic. the prevalence of bacteriuria among symptomatic and asymptomatic pregnant women were (12.1%), and (14.7%) respectively, with no significant difference between the two groups (<it>P </it>= 0.596), and the overall prevalence of UTI was (14.0%). In multivariate analyses, age, gestational age, parity, and history of UTI in index pregnancy were not associated with bacteriuria. <it>Escherichia coli </it>(42.4%) and <it>S. aureus </it>(39.3%) were the commonest isolated bacteria. Four, 2, 2, 3, 4, 2 and 0 out of 14 <it>E. coli </it>isolates, showed resistance to amoxicillin, naladixic acid, nitrofurantoin, ciprofloxacin, co-trimoxazole, amoxicillin/clavulanate and norfloxacin, respectively</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p><it>Escherichia coli </it>were the most prevalent causative organisms and showing multi drug resistance pattern, asymptomatic bacteriuria is more prevalent than symptomatic among pregnant women. Urine culture for screening and diagnosis purpose for all pregnant is recommended.</p

Application of "CERDIK" Behavior Model in Schools as an Effort to Improve Diabetes Mellitus Prevention Behavior

The prevalence of non-communicable diseases such as diabetes mellitus continues to increase every year. Teenagers today cannot be separated from unhealthy lifestyles such as smoking, eating fast food, online gaming, and lack of physical activity. The data obtained that 60 to 80 smoker students in Ambon State Aliyah Madrasah which is the work area of ​​the Air Besar Health Center. In the Air Besar Health Center in the past year, there were 207 diabetes mellitus sufferers. The expected outcome and outcome of this Community Service is increasing students' knowledge and skills towards diabetes mellitus with CERDIK behavior in schools. The service method is carried out through education and training through demonstrations. Demonstrations were given related to CERDIK behavior such as how to prevent smoking, how to manage stress, and how to read food packaging labels to reduce sugar consumption. So the results and outcomes obtained are increased knowledge and skills of students as participants of CERDIK behavior in schools. The series of community service activities can be carried out properly according to the plan. And it is expected that the person in charge of the UKS will provide other students with the CERDIK module in the school that has been given and the involvement of the Health Center is running the Non-Communicable Disease program in schools as a continuation of community service

Fine particulate matter pollution and risk of community-acquired sepsis

While air pollution has been associated with health complications, its effect on sepsis risk is unknown. We examined the association between fine particulate matter (PM2.5) air pollution and risk of sepsis hospitalization. We analyzed data from the 30,239 community-dwelling adults in the Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) cohort linked with satellite-derived measures of PM2.5 data. We defined sepsis as a hospital admission for a serious infection with &ge;2 systemic inflammatory response (SIRS) criteria. We performed incidence density sampling to match sepsis cases with 4 controls by age (&plusmn;5 years), sex, and race. For each matched group we calculated mean daily PM2.5 exposures for short-term (30-day) and long-term (one-year) periods preceding the sepsis event. We used conditional logistic regression to evaluate the association between PM2.5 exposure and sepsis, adjusting for education, income, region, temperature, urbanicity, tobacco and alcohol use, and medical conditions. We matched 1386 sepsis cases with 5544 non-sepsis controls. Mean 30-day PM2.5 exposure levels (Cases 12.44 vs. Controls 12.34 &micro;g/m3; p = 0.28) and mean one-year PM2.5 exposure levels (Cases 12.53 vs. Controls 12.50 &micro;g/m3; p = 0.66) were similar between cases and controls. In adjusted models, there were no associations between 30-day PM2.5 exposure levels and sepsis (4th vs. 1st quartiles OR: 1.06, 95% CI: 0.85&ndash;1.32). Similarly, there were no associations between one-year PM2.5 exposure levels and sepsis risk (4th vs. 1st quartiles OR: 0.96, 95% CI: 0.78&ndash;1.18). In the REGARDS cohort, PM2.5 air pollution exposure was not associated with risk of sepsis

Gravitational aeration tower filter system to increase the dissolved oxygen amount for iron removal in groundwater

This paper discusses the Gravitational Aeration Tower Filter System (GATS) aims to increase the amount of Dissolved Oxygen (DO) for iron removal in groundwater. The groundwater is mainly used in remote areas. The presence of a large volume of iron contained in the groundwater will subject to water contamination besides limiting the lifespan of existing water filter to filter the contaminants. Pre-treatment systems i.e., aeration techniques are often used to reduce the amount of iron contained in the groundwater. One of the aeration techniques i.e., the GATS is proposed and designed for this work. The GATS is tested to assess its effectiveness in increasing the DO and in the removal of iron in the water. The study area is located in Kampung Majid Ibrahim, Simpang Renggam. The initial value of the iron in the tubewell ranged from 1.4 mg/L to 2.3 mg/L, which exceeded the standard limit of 0.3 mg/L. Using AQUAREAD AP2000 and Hanna High Iron Checker, data collection is carried out in-situ testing. The flow rate is set at 5.5 L/min through the GATS, with varying air parameters. The results of the GATS test demonstrate the DO percentage increases up to 90.50 % and the percentage of iron removal is up to 10.24% with an airflow of 1.0 L/min

Maternal serum iron status, hepcidin and interleukin-6 levels in women with preeclampsia

Introduction: Preeclampsia can lead to a number of adverse maternal and perinatal effects. The association between iron status [serum iron, ferritin and total iron-binding capacity (TIBC)], unsaturated iron-binding capacity, hepcidin, interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels and preeclampsia is not fully understood.Objective: To assess the levels of iron status, hepcidin and interleukin-6 in women with preeclampsia compared with healthy pregnant women.Method: A case-control study (60 women were recruited in each group) was conducted at Saad Abuelela Maternity Hospital in Khartoum, Sudan. Sociodemographic and clinical data were gathered through a questionnaire. The levels of iron status, hepcidin and IL-6 were measured using applicable methods.Results: There was no significant difference in the median [interquartile range (IQR)] of age, parity or body mass index between the two groups. Moreover, the median (IQR) of the iron status, hepcidin and interleukin-6 did not differ between women with preeclampsia and healthy controls. There were no significant correlations between haemoglobin, hepcidin and IL-6. There were also no significant correlations between serum iron, serum ferritin, hepcidin and IL-6. However, there was a significant positive correlation between hepcidin and IL-6 (r = 0.393, p = 0.002).Conclusion: In this study, women with preeclampsia had levels of iron status, hepcidin and IL-6 similar to those observed in healthy pregnant women. There was no significant correlation between iron status, hepcidin and IL-6

Tipologi Ruang Dalam Rumah Lamin Berdasarkan Sistem Adat Pada Masyarakat Suku Dayak

Rumah merupakan bangunan yang dibangun dengan tujuan untuk dijadikan tempat tinggal oleh manusia. Proses pembuatan rumah tak lepas dari penyesuaian antara kebiasaan dan kegiatan dari manusia yang akan menghuninya dari waktu ke waktu. Di Indonesia, rumah - rumah adat yang diturunkan oleh nenek moyang dapat dikatakan sebagai arsitektur nusantara. Rumah-rumah tersebut memiliki ciri khas tersendiri sesuai dengan tata letak geografisnya, sumber daya, adat, kepercayaan, kebiasaan dan budaya masyarakatnya. Masyarakat Dayak memiliki sistem tersendiri dalam mengorganisir kelompok suku mereka dalam hunian mereka. Suku Dayak pada umumnya menganut prinsip kekerabatan ambilineal. Prinsip kekerabatan ini mengharuskan seseorang untuk tinggal bersama dengan kerabat - kerabatnya dalam sebuah rumah. Studi ini difokuskan untuk mengidentifikasi pembagian ruang pada rumah Lamin, yang mana pembagian ruang ini sangat dipengaruhi oleh sistem adat yang berlaku. Tujuan artikel ini adalah untuk mengetahui Tipologi ruang dalam rumah tradisional Lamin. Hasil studi tentang tipologi ruang dalam rumah Lamin dapat dijadikan sebagai esensi pedoman bentuk Arsitektur rumah Lamin, yang akan memberikan kontribusi terhadap keilmuan arsitektur nusantara

Frequency tuning varactor-loaded reconfigurable antenna for m-WiMAX and WLAN applications

A design approach for a microstrip patch antenna to achieve the reconfigurable dual-band operation with a tunable device is presented in this work. The approach uses a BB833 varactor diode in the middle of a slotted patch antenna which which is able to produce dual-band resonant frequencies. The reconfigurable antenna is designed and simulated in CST Microwave Studio® software and is later, fabricated on a FR-4 substrate with a dielectric constant, εr of 4.5, loss tangent, tan δ of 0.019 and thickness, h of 1.6 mm. By changing the DC voltages of the varactor diode, different capacitance values of the varactor diode are obtained which dictate the specific resonant frequencies. From the simulation results, the capacitance value of 0.5 pF with a bias voltage of 2.0 V is chosen as it produces the required dual-band resonant frequencies at 3.38 GHz and 5.37 GHz for desired applications in the m-WiMAX and WLAN bands