An algebraic description of screw dislocations in SC and BCC crystal lattices

We give an algebraic description of screw dislocations in a crystal, especially simple cubic (SC) and body centered cubic (BCC) crystals, using free abelian groups and fibering structures. We also show that the strain energy of a screw dislocation based on the spring model is expressed by the Epstein-Hurwitz zeta function approximately.Comment: 41 pages, 7 figure

能登半島北方沿岸の海底活断層の活動履歴の解明

13301甲第4551号博士（理学）金沢大学博士論文要旨Abstract 要約Outline 以下に掲載：Tectonophysics 670 pp.38-47 2016. ELSEVIER. 共著者：Masaaki Hamada, Yoshihiro Hiramatsu, Mitsuhiro Oda, Hiroyuki Yamaguch

A dominant-negative FGF1 mutant (the R50E mutant) suppresses tumorigenesis and angiogenesis.

Fibroblast growth factor-1 (FGF1) and FGF2 play a critical role in angiogenesis, a formation of new blood vessels from existing blood vessels. Integrins are critically involved in FGF signaling through crosstalk. We previously reported that FGF1 directly binds to integrin αvβ3 and induces FGF receptor-1 (FGFR1)-FGF1-integrin αvβ3 ternary complex. We previously generated an integrin binding defective FGF1 mutant (Arg-50 to Glu, R50E). R50E is defective in inducing ternary complex formation, cell proliferation, and cell migration, and suppresses FGF signaling induced by WT FGF1 (a dominant-negative effect) in vitro. These findings suggest that FGFR and αvβ3 crosstalk through direct integrin binding to FGF, and that R50E acts as an antagonist to FGFR. We studied if R50E suppresses tumorigenesis and angiogenesis. Here we describe that R50E suppressed tumor growth in vivo while WT FGF1 enhanced it using cancer cells that stably express WT FGF1 or R50E. Since R50E did not affect proliferation of cancer cells in vitro, we hypothesized that R50E suppressed tumorigenesis indirectly through suppressing angiogenesis. We thus studied the effect of R50E on angiogenesis in several angiogenesis models. We found that excess R50E suppressed FGF1-induced migration and tube formation of endothelial cells, FGF1-induced angiogenesis in matrigel plug assays, and the outgrowth of cells in aorta ring assays. Excess R50E suppressed FGF1-induced angiogenesis in chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assays. Interestingly, excess R50E suppressed FGF2-induced angiogenesis in CAM assays as well, suggesting that R50E may uniquely suppress signaling from other members of the FGF family. Taken together, our results suggest that R50E suppresses angiogenesis induced by FGF1 or FGF2, and thereby indirectly suppresses tumorigenesis, in addition to its possible direct effect on tumor cell proliferation in vivo. We propose that R50E has potential as an anti-cancer and anti-angiogenesis therapeutic agent ("FGF1 decoy")

A novel Rac1-GSPT1 signaling pathway controls astrogliosis following central nervous system injury

Astrogliosis (i.e. glial scar), which is comprised primarily of proliferated astrocytes at the lesion site and migrated astrocytes from neighboring regions, is one of the key reactions in determining outcomes after CNS injury. In an effort to identify potential molecules/pathways that regulate astrogliosis, we sought to determine whether Rac/Rac-mediated signaling in astrocytes represents a novel candidate for therapeutic intervention following CNS injury. For these studies, we generated mice with Rac1 deletion under the control of the GFAP (glial fibrillary acidic protein) promoter (GFAP-Cre;Rac1(flox/flox)). GFAP-Cre;Rac1(flox/flox) (Rac1-KO) mice exhibited better recovery after spinal cord injury and exhibited reduced astrogliosis at the lesion site relative to control. Reduced astrogliosis was also observed in Rac1-KO mice following microbeam irradiation-induced injury. Moreover, knockdown (KD) or KO of Rac1 in astrocytes (LN229 cells, primary astrocytes, or primary astrocytes from Rac1-KO mice) led to delayed cell cycle progression and reduced cell migration. Rac1-KD or Rac1-KO astrocytes additionally had decreased levels of GSPT1 (G(1) to S phase transition 1) expression and reduced responses of IL-1β and GSPT1 to LPS treatment, indicating that IL-1β and GSPT1 are downstream molecules of Rac1 associated with inflammatory condition. Furthermore, GSPT1-KD astrocytes had cell cycle delay, with no effect on cell migration. The cell cycle delay induced by Rac1-KD was rescued by overexpression of GSPT1. Based on these results, we propose that Rac1-GSPT1 represents a novel signaling axis in astrocytes that accelerates proliferation in response to inflammation, which is one important factor in the development of astrogliosis/glial scar following CNS injury

Oxidative etching mechanism of the diamond (100) surface

John Isaac Enriquez, Fahdzi Muttaqien, Masato Michiuchi, Kouji Inagaki, Masaaki Geshi, Ikutaro Hamada, Yoshitada Morikawa, Oxidative etching mechanism of the diamond (100) surface, Carbon, Volume 174, 2021, Pages 36-51, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2020.11.057

Fossil tubeworms link coastal uplift of the northern Noto Peninsula to rupture of the Wajima-oki fault in AD 1729

The active fault zone on the seafloor off the northern coast of the Noto Peninsula of central Japan is divided into four segments from west to east: Monzen-oki, Saruyama-oki, Wajima-oki, and Suzu-oki. To examine the latest event that occurred in these segments, we investigated the dates and elevations of fossilized intertidal tubeworms along the northern coast of the Noto Peninsula, located on the hanging-wall sides of the faults, using radioactive carbon dating and global positioning measurements. For each fossil, we calculated the difference between the past and present elevation, thereby estimating the elevation of the sea level at the date of the fossil, using a curve for sea level change. This calculation provided us with the elevation change at each site. The vertical changes estimated from the elevations and ages of the intertidal tubeworms revealed that the coastal emergence probably occurred between 1600 and 1800 AD. This area of coastal emergence lies adjacent to active faults within the Wajima-oki segment. A model for rectangular faults with three fault planes and a moment magnitude of 6.6 for the Wajima-oki segment reproduced the observed pattern of coastal emergence well. Only one damaging earthquake, that in 1729, is known to have occurred in this part of the northern Noto Peninsula between 1600 and 1800 AD, and there has not been one since 1800 AD. The slip distribution of the fault predicted by the model is consistent with the distribution of shaking-related damage documented in 1729. We conclude that rupture of the Wajima-oki segment caused the 1729 earthquake. © 2016 Elsevier B.V.Embargo Period 24 month

フククウキョウカ ニ チリョウ シエタ ガイショウセイ ショウチョウ センコウ ノ 1レイ

In this paper the authors report a case of laparoscopic surgery for a blunt abdominal trauma with small bowel injury. The patient, a-24-year-old woman, was admitted to the authors’ hospital. She had abdominal pain caused by blunt abdominal trauma. Physical Examination showed muscular defense and rebound tenderness on the abdomen. A computed tomography showed focal wall thickness and pneumatosis intestinalis in the jejunum, and fluid collection in the pelvis. A preoperative diagnosis was traumatic perforation of jejunum. The authors performed laparoscopic surgery. A3-mm perforation on the jejunum was observed. The authors performed laparoscopic repair of jejunal perforation. The postoperative course was uneventful and the patient was discharged 9 days after the operation. In selected cases of blunt abdominal trauma, laparoscopic surgery may be a safe and useful procedure

Fluid Mode Spectroscopy for measuring dynamic viscosity of fluids in open cylindrical containers

On a daily basis we stir tee or coffee with a spoon and leave it to rest. We know empirically the larger the stickiness, viscosity, of the fluid, more rapidly its velocity slows down. It is surprising, therefore, that the variation has not been utilized for measuring (dynamic) viscosity of fluids. This study shows that a spectroscopy decomposing a velocity field into fluid modes (Stokes eigenmodes) allows us to measure accurately the dynamic viscosity. The method, Fluid Mode Spectroscopy (FMS), is based on the fact that each Stokes eigenmode has its inherent decay rate of eigenvalue and that the dimensionless rate of the slowest decaying mode (SDM) is constant, dependent only on the normalized shape of a fluid container, obtained analytically for some shapes including cylindrical containers. The FMS supplements major conventional measuring methods with each other, particularly useful for measuring low dynamic viscosity.Comment: 18 pagese, 6 figure

Development and Validation of Cutoff Value for Reduced Muscle Mass for GLIM Criteria in Patients with Gastrointestinal and Hepatobiliary–Pancreatic Cancers

The Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) criteria recommends using race- and sex-adjusted cutoff values for reduced muscle mass (RMM), but the only cutoff values available for Asians are the skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) established by the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS). This retrospective study aimed to develop and validate cutoff values for the fat-free mass index (FFMI) and arm circumference (AC) of Asians, and to investigate the association between GLIM malnutrition and prognosis. A total of 660 patients with primary gastrointestinal (GI) and hepatobiliary–pancreatic (HBP) cancers who underwent their first resection surgery were recruited and randomly divided into development and validation groups. The FFMI and AC cutoff values were calculated by receiver operating characteristic curve analysis for the AWGS SMI as the gold standard. The cutoff values for each RMM were used to diagnose malnutrition on the basis of GLIM criteria, and the survival rates were compared. The optimal FFMI cutoff values for RMM were 17 kg/m2 for men and 15 kg/m2 for women, and for AC were 27 cm for men and 25 cm for women. In the validation group, the accuracy of the FFMI and AC cutoff values to discriminate RMM were 85.2% and 68.8%, respectively. Using any of the three measures of RMM, overall survival rates were significantly lower in the GLIM malnutrition group. In conclusion, the cutoff values for the FFMI and AC in this study could discriminate RMM, and GLIM malnutrition using these cutoff values was associated with decreased survival