Quantum Gravity and Black Hole Dynamics in 1+1 Dimensions

We study the quantum theory of 1+1 dimensional dilaton gravity, which is an interesting toy model of the black hole dynamics. The functional measures are explicitly evaluated and the physical state conditions corresponding to the Hamiltonian and the momentum constraints are derived. It is pointed out that the constraints form the Virasoro algebra without central charge. In ADM formalism the measures are very ambiguous, but in our formalism they are explicitly defined. Then the new features which are not seen in ADM formalism come out. A singularity appears at \df^2 =\kappa (>0) , where $\kappa =(N-51/2)/12$ and $N$ is the number of matter fields. Behind the singularity the quantum mechanical region \kappa > \df^2 >0 extends, where the sign of the kinetic term in the Hamiltonian constraint changes. If $\kappa <0$, the singularity disappears. We discuss the quantum dynamics of black hole and then give a suggestion for the resolution of the information loss paradox. We also argue the quantization of the spherically symmetric gravitational system in 3+1 dimensions. In appendix the differences between the other quantum dilaton gravities and ours are clarified and our status is stressed.Comment: phyztex, UT-Komaba 92-14. A few misleading sentences are corrected and some references are adde

On the dynamics of vortex modes within magnetic islands

Recent work investigating the interaction of magnetic islands with micro-turbulence has uncovered the striking observation of large scale vortex modes forming within the island structure [W.A. Hornsby {\it et al.}, Phys. Plasmas {\bf 17} 092301 (2010)]. These electrostatic vortices are found to be the size of the island and are oscillatory. It is this oscillatory behaviour and the presence of turbulence that leads us to believe that the dynamics are related to the Geodesic Acoustic Mode (GAM), and it is this link that is investigated in this paper. Here we derive an equation for the GAM in the MHD limit, in the presence of a magnetic island modified three-dimensional axisymmetric geometry. The eigenvalues and eigenfunctions are calculated numerically and then utilised to analyse the dynamics of oscillatory large-scale electrostatic potential structures seen in both linear and non-linear gyro-kinetic simulations

Vertex Operators in 4D Quantum Gravity Formulated as CFT

We study vertex operators in 4D conformal field theory derived from quantized gravity, whose dynamics is governed by the Wess-Zumino action by Riegert and the Weyl action. Conformal symmetry is equal to diffeomorphism symmetry in the ultraviolet limit, which mixes positive-metric and negative-metric modes of the gravitational field and thus these modes cannot be treated separately in physical operators. In this paper, we construct gravitational vertex operators such as the Ricci scalar, defined as space-time volume integrals of them are invariant under conformal transformations. Short distance singularities of these operator products are computed and it is shown that their coefficients have physically correct sign. Furthermore, we show that conformal algebra holds even in the system perturbed by the cosmological constant vertex operator as in the case of the Liouville theory shown by Curtright and Thorn.Comment: 26 pages, rewrote review part concisely, added explanation

Efecto del cambio climático sobre problemas fitosanitarios en caña de azúcar, maní y algodón: un abordaje binacional.

La roya marrón y la roya anaranjada de la caña de azúcar, la viruela tardía del maní y el picudo del algodonero son problemas fitosanitarios actuales y potenciales para estos cultivos industriales tanto en Argentina como en Brasil. En Argentina no se han realizado estudios sobre el efecto del cambio climático en cultivos que ocupan actualmente áreas bien definidas, con perspectivas de expandirse a otras áreas agroecológicas, generando flujos de patógenos y plagas en macroregiones abarcando ambos países. Para ello se elaboró un proyecto interinstitucional entre INTA y EMBRAPA cuyo objetivo principal es evaluar el impacto del cambio climático sobre enfermedades y plagas de cultivos de importancia para la agroindustria de Argentina y Brasil, intentando el desarrollo de alternativas de adaptación para su control en los escenarios climáticos futuros. La investigación y discusión en red entre Argentina y Brasil es una oportunidad indispensable para evitar esfuerzos innecesarios, integrando los resultados obtenidos con los diferentes cultivos de importancia para la agroindustria

Effect of progressive prone plank exercise program on diastasis of rectus abdominis muscle in postpartum women: A randomized controlled trial

Diastasis of Rectus Abdominis (DRA) muscle is a concerning health issue that commonly affects female within pregnancy and postpartum time, persistent lower back pain and pelvic instability are common consequences to DRA. Thus, this study was conducted to examine the effect of progressive prone plank exercises on narrowing the inter-Rectus distance (IRD) in postpartum women diagnosed with (DRA). A prospective, randomized, single-blind, controlled trial was conducted at the Faculty of Physical Therapy Clinic of Beni-Suef University. Fifty postpartum women presented with (DRA) of at least 2 finger widths assigned into 2 equal groups (A&B). A Toshiba Xario100, 8–12 MHz ultrasonography was used to accurately measure IRD before and after 8 weeks of the exercise program. Group (A), received progressive prone plank exercise program and advice relevant to DRA as well as wore abdominal binder, while group (B) continued their ordinary lifestyle after receiving advice and wearing abdominal binder as group (A).The study results revealed a statistical significant decrease within each group and between groups in IRD (p < .05) above and below the umbilicus both at rest and during Rectus Abdominis (RA) contraction, with a significantly narrower IRD in favoured of participants of group (A) (p < .05). To sum it up, progressive prone plank exercise program is very effective in decreasing IRD in postpartum women presented with DRA

Impact of Tributyltin and Triphenyltin on Ivory Shell (Babylonia japonica) Populations

We histopathologically examined gonads and chemically determined organotin compounds in tissues of the ivory shell, Babylonia japonica. Imposex (a superimposition of male-type genital organs on females) occurred in approximately 80–90% of B. japonica specimens that we examined, with the penis and vas deferens both well developed. No oviduct blockage by vas deferens formation was observed. Ovarian spermatogenesis and suppressed ovarian maturation were observed in the females that exhibited imposex, although no histopathological abnormalities were found in males. Tissue distributions of organotin compounds [tributyltin (TBT), triphenyltin (TPhT), and their metabolites] were different for butyltins and phenyltins; a remarkably high accumulation of TBT was observed in the ctenidium, osphradium, and heart, whereas high concentrations of TPhT were detected in the ovary and digestive gland. More than one-third of TBT accumulated in the digestive glands of both males and females, followed by the testis, ctenidium, muscle, and heart tissues in males and in the muscle, ovary, ctenidium, and head tissues (including the central nervous system ganglia) in females. In both males and females, more than half of total TPhT accumulated in the digestive glands, followed by the gonads. The next highest values were in the muscle, ctenidium, and heart tissues in males and in the muscle, oviduct, and head tissues in females. Both TBT and TPhT concentrations in the gonads were positively correlated with penis length in females. Our findings strongly suggest that reproductive failure in adult females accompanied by imposex, possibly induced by TBT and TPhT from antifouling paints, may have caused the marked decline of B. japonica populations in Japan

Partial Redundancy Elimination for Multi-threaded Programs

Multi-threaded programs have many applications which are widely used such as operating systems. Analyzing multi-threaded programs differs from sequential ones; the main feature is that many threads execute at the same time. The effect of all other running threads must be taken in account. Partial redundancy elimination is among the most powerful compiler optimizations: it performs loop-invariant code motion and common subexpression elimination. We present a type system with optimization component which performs partial redundancy elimination for multi-threaded programs.Comment: 7 page

STR-994: INVESTIGATION OF L-SHAPED LOW-RISE AND HIGH-RISE BUILDINGS RESPONSE TO NBCC 2005 AND 2010 SEISMIC LOADS

The current study builds on a previous study conducted by the authors that investigated the seismic provisions of the National Building Code of Canada (NBCC) 2005 and 2010, pertaining to the loading and analysis of irregular L-shaped buildings. The study uses low-rise and high-rise L-shaped buildings as case studies. Three-dimensional finite element models of the two irregular L-shaped buildings were developed and discussed in the previous study. The lateral resisting system of the low-rise buildings consists of concrete shear walls, while the high-rise building consists of a combination of concrete shear walls and concrete rigid frames. Low and high-rise concrete buildings are modelled with the assumption of fully rigid floor diaphragms for computational efficiency. In the current the study, the effect of using rigid and semi-rigid diaphragms to simulate structural floors on the structure response to lateral loads is investigated. Significant change in the dynamic response and lateral force distribution along both buildings’ height due to the use of semi-rigid diaphragms is noticed. In addition, a negligible contribution due to the effective inertia, due to cracking of concrete shear walls on the overall dynamic response of both buildings is observed. The study shows that the variation of post-cracking stiffness for concrete slabs significantly affect the stiffness and the natural frequency of the buildings