Ionisation by quantised electromagnetic fields: The photoelectric effect

In this paper we explain the photoelectric effect in a variant of the standard model of non relativistic quantum electrodynamics, which is in some aspects more closely related to the physical picture, than the one studied in [BKZ]: Now we can apply our results to an electron with more than one bound state and to a larger class of electron-photon interactions. We will specify a situation, where ionisation probability in second order is a weighted sum of single photon terms. Furthermore we will see, that Einstein's equality $$E_{kin}=h\nu-\bigtriangleup E>0$$ for the maximal kinetic energy $E_{kin}$ of the electron, energy $h\nu$ of the photon and ionisation gap $\bigtriangleup E$ is the crucial condition for these single photon terms to be nonzero.Comment: 59 pages, LATEX2

Food plants and life histories of sawflies of the families Argidae and Tenthredinidae (Hymenoptera) in Costa Rica, a supplement

Food plants and information on life history are presented for six species of Argidae and four species of Tenthredinidae in Costa Rica. The Argidae include cocoons of Atomacera josefernandezi Smith, sp. n., found on Hampea appendiculata (Donn. Sm.) Standl. (Malvaceae) and likely feeding on its leaves before pupation, and larvae of Eriglenum tristum Smith feeding on Machaerium seemanii Benth. Ex Seem. (Fabaceae), Ptenos leucopodus (Cameron) feeding on Inga oerstediana Benth. and I. vera Willd. (Fabaceae), Ptilia peleterii (Gray) feeding on Cnestidium rufescens (Connaraceae), and Scobina lepida (Klug) and S. notaticollis (Konow) feeding on Sida rhombifolia L. (Malvaceae). The Tenthredinidae include larvae of Dochmioglene crassa (Cameron) feeding on the fern Lomariopsis vestita E. Fourn. (Lomariopsidaceeae), Dochmiogleme Smith03 feeding on Blechnum occidentale L. (Blechnaceae), Waldheimia laeta (Cameron) feeding on Cissus alata Jacq. (Vitaceae), and Waldheimia lucianocapellii Smith, sp. n., feeding on Davilla nitida (Vahl) Kubitzki (Dilleniaceae). Waldheimia lucianocapellii is described from specimens from both Panama and Costa Rica. Selandria crassa Cameron, 1883 is a comb. n. in Dochmioglene

Motorische (Früh-)Marker zur Prädiktion des klinischen Prodromalverlaufs bei Morbus Parkinson

Das Idiopathische Parkinsonsyndrom (Parkinson´s Disease) ist eine fortschreitende neurodegenerative Erkrankung unklarer Ätiologie und bis heute ohne Heilungsmöglichkeiten. Die aktuelle Forschung hat sich zum Ziel gesetzt, klinische Auffälligkeiten, sogenannte Prodromalmarker, zu finden, die es ermöglichen innerhalb der Bevölkerung eine Hochrisikogruppe für die Entwicklung einer PD zu identifizieren, bevor sich die typische motorische Symptomatik der Erkrankung manifestiert. Hierbei ist der Ansatz, Personen mit einem möglichst hohen Erkrankungsrisiko zu identifizieren und die Prodromalphase der Erkrankung besser zu verstehen. Ziel der vorliegenden auf 2 Jahre ausgelegten Längsschnittstudie war es, innerhalb einen definierten Hochrisikogruppe, die Güte und Progression verschiedener Prodromalmarker im zeitlichen Verlauf zu evaluieren. Die Probanden dieser Hochrisikogruppe wurden anhand einer 3D-kameragestützten Bewegungsanalyse in zwei weitere Subgruppen unterteilt. Demnach stufte ein lernfähiger Klassifikator das Bewegungsmuster der Hochrisikoprobanden dichotom entweder als "parkinsonassoziiert" (HRmov+) oder "nicht-parkinsonassoziiert" (HRmov-) ein. Diese beiden subklassifzierten Hochrisikogruppen wurden im Abstand von 2 Jahren untersucht und hinsichtlich klinischer Prodromalmarker in verschiedenen Domänen wie z.B. Riechfunktion, Depressionsanamnese, vegetative Funktionsstörungen, Schlafstörung und neuropsychologische Testungen miteinander verglichen. Die Ergebnisse deuten darauf hin, dass es möglicherweise gelungen sein könnte, die beiden Hochrisikogruppen hinsichtlich ihrer präklinischen Krankheitsprogression weiter zu verfeinern. So scheint sich die HRmov+ Gruppe bereits in einem weiter fortgeschrittenen Prodromalstadium hin zu einer manifesten Parkinsonerkrankung zu befinden

Umfassende Produktentwicklung durch multiphysikalische Simulation mit Ansys

Moderne Produkte stellen Herausforderungen in unterschiedlichsten physikalischen Domänen, die alle bei der Produktentwicklung berücksichtigt werden müssen. Ansys hat nicht nur das richtige Werkzeug für jeden einzelnen physikalischen Bereich, sondern ermöglicht darüber hinaus, das komplexe Zusammenspiel der verschiedenen Phänomene vorherzusagen und zu bewerten. An Beispielen zeigen wir die Möglichkeiten zur multiphysikalischen Kopplung in der produktübergreifenden Benutzeroberfläche von Ansys auf.Modern products pose challenges in various physical domains that must all be considered during product development. Ansys not only has the right tools for each individual physical domain, but also enables the prediction and evaluation of the complex interactions of different phenomena. We present the possibilities for multiphysics coupling in the cross-product user interface of Ansys with some examples

Approaches to “interculturality”, “transculturality” and “culture reflexivity” in self-help literature

Intercultural competence which is to be achieved via intercultural trainings has become in-creasingly relevant during the last decades: globalization is one factor to the reason why the necessity to include intercultural trainings in various organizations arose. Consequently, a lot of self-help literature has been published. Nevertheless, those trainings center the approach of interculturality, a concept which focuses on two cultures and thereby opposes ownness and foreignness. To assume that two cultures produce a culture clash is to be discussed critically nowadays: According to Welsch (1999), this approach homogenizes and separates cultures from each other. Instead, Welsch (1999) proposes the concept of transculturality which de-scribes the inner complexity and the enmeshment of various cultures in a more appropriate way. Against this background, this thesis examines the use of the intercultural approach in German self-help literature and in how far a culture reflexive or a transcultural approach is used. By analyzing aims, content and methods within a corpus of three books, it shall be clarified to which extent the authors stick to the paradigm of interculturality. The results show that all three books make use of the concept of interculturality, nevertheless, they do so with different intensity. While one of the analyzed books proposes critical questions regarding the approach, another uses the intercultural approach without doubting its accurateness. Concludingly, the thesis argues for a more culture reflexive approach in future publications of self-help literature as nowadays, we all are cultural hybrids (Vgl. Nazarkiewicz/Krämer 2009, S. 253, translated by the author)

Synopsis of New World Sigalphinae (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) with the Description of Two New Species and a Key to Genera

We describe and illustrate Paphanus paloi sp. n., first generic record for Brazil, and Minanga patriciamadrigalae, first generic record for Costa Rica. We present illustrated keys for the New World genera of Sigalphinae, and the New World species of Paphanus and Minanga. Minanga patriciamadrigalae sp. n. was reared from caterpillars of Chloropteryx nordicariaDHJ01 (Geometridae)

Synopsis of New World Sigalphinae (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) with the Description of Two New Species and a Key to Genera

We describe and illustrate Paphanus paloi sp. n., first generic record for Brazil, and Minanga patriciamadrigalae, first generic record for Costa Rica. We present illustrated keys for the New World genera of Sigalphinae, and the New World species of Paphanus and Minanga. Minanga patriciamadrigalae sp. n. was reared from caterpillars of Chloropteryx nordicariaDHJ01 (Geometridae)

Revision of the Species of \u3cem\u3eLytopylus\u3c/em\u3e from Area de Conservación Guanacaste, Northwestern Costa Rica (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Agathidinae)

Thirty two new species of Lytopylus (Agathidinae) are described with image plates for each species: Lytopylus alejandromasisi sp. n., Lytopylus alfredomainieri sp. n., Lytopylusanamariamongeae sp. n., Lytopylus angelagonzalezae sp. n., Lytopylus cesarmorai sp. n., Lytopylus eddysanchezi sp. n., Lytopylus eliethcantillanoae sp. n., Lytopylus ericchapmani sp. n., Lytopylus gahyunae sp. n., Lytopylus gisukae sp. n., Lytopylus guillermopereirai sp. n., Lytopylusgustavoindunii sp. n., Lytopylus hartmanguidoi sp. n., Lytopylus hernanbravoi sp. n., Lytopylushokwoni sp. n., Lytopylus ivanniasandovalae sp. n., Lytopylus johanvalerioi sp. n., Lytopylusjosecortesi sp. n., Lytopylus luisgaritai sp. n., Lytopylus mariamartachavarriae sp. n., Lytopylusmiguelviquezi sp. n., Lytopylus motohasegawai sp. n., Lytopylus okchunae sp. n., Lytopyluspablocobbi sp. n., Lytopylus robertofernandezi sp. n., Lytopylus rogerblancoi sp. n., Lytopylussalvadorlopezi sp. n., Lytopylus sangyeoni sp. n., Lytopylus sarahmeierottoae sp. n., Lytopylussergiobermudezi sp. n., Lytopylus sigifredomarini sp. n., and Lytopylus youngcheae sp. n. A dichotomous key and a link to an electronic, interactive key are included. All specimens were reared from Lepidoptera larvae collected in Area de Conservación Guanacaste (ACG) and all are associated with ecological information including host caterpillar, collection date, eclosion date, caterpillar food plant, and locality. Neighbor-joining and maximum likelihood analyses of the barcode region of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene (COI DNA barcode) were conducted to aid in species delimitation

Revision of the Species of \u3cem\u3eLytopylus\u3c/em\u3e from Area de Conservación Guanacaste, Northwestern Costa Rica (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Agathidinae)

Thirty two new species of Lytopylus (Agathidinae) are described with image plates for each species: Lytopylus alejandromasisi sp. n., Lytopylus alfredomainieri sp. n., Lytopylusanamariamongeae sp. n., Lytopylus angelagonzalezae sp. n., Lytopylus cesarmorai sp. n., Lytopylus eddysanchezi sp. n., Lytopylus eliethcantillanoae sp. n., Lytopylus ericchapmani sp. n., Lytopylus gahyunae sp. n., Lytopylus gisukae sp. n., Lytopylus guillermopereirai sp. n., Lytopylusgustavoindunii sp. n., Lytopylus hartmanguidoi sp. n., Lytopylus hernanbravoi sp. n., Lytopylushokwoni sp. n., Lytopylus ivanniasandovalae sp. n., Lytopylus johanvalerioi sp. n., Lytopylusjosecortesi sp. n., Lytopylus luisgaritai sp. n., Lytopylus mariamartachavarriae sp. n., Lytopylusmiguelviquezi sp. n., Lytopylus motohasegawai sp. n., Lytopylus okchunae sp. n., Lytopyluspablocobbi sp. n., Lytopylus robertofernandezi sp. n., Lytopylus rogerblancoi sp. n., Lytopylussalvadorlopezi sp. n., Lytopylus sangyeoni sp. n., Lytopylus sarahmeierottoae sp. n., Lytopylussergiobermudezi sp. n., Lytopylus sigifredomarini sp. n., and Lytopylus youngcheae sp. n. A dichotomous key and a link to an electronic, interactive key are included. All specimens were reared from Lepidoptera larvae collected in Area de Conservación Guanacaste (ACG) and all are associated with ecological information including host caterpillar, collection date, eclosion date, caterpillar food plant, and locality. Neighbor-joining and maximum likelihood analyses of the barcode region of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene (COI DNA barcode) were conducted to aid in species delimitation