FALL AND INJURY INCIDENCE RATES OF JOCKEYS WHILE RACING IN FRANCE, GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND

The objective of this study is to provide quantitative details of the frequency and severity of injuries, especially head injuries, sustained by jockeys while racing. There is a lack of worldwide equestrian injury data and a lack of uniformity in the data that is available

Voltage-controlled inversion of tunnel magnetoresistance in epitaxial Nickel/Graphene/MgO/Cobalt junctions

We report on the fabrication and characterization of vertical spin-valve structures using a thick epitaxial MgO barrier as spacer layer and a graphene-passivated Ni film as bottom ferromagnetic electrode. The devices show robust and scalable tunnel magnetoresistance, with several changes of sign upon varying the applied bias voltage. These findings are explained by a model of phonon-assisted transport mechanisms that relies on the peculiarity of the band structure and spin density of states at the hybrid graphene|Ni interface

Karakterisasi Bentuk Partikel SiC yang Dilapisi dengan MgAl2O4 Berdasarkan Variabel Konsentrasi Ion Logam

Penelitian tentang karakteristik bentuk partikel SiC yang dilapisi dengan (MgAl2O4) berdasarkan variabel konsentrasi ion logam telah dilakukan. Dalam penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh konsentrasi ion logam pada permukaan SiC dan mengetahui bentuk permukaan SiC yang sudah terlapisi dengan spinel. Dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode kopresipitasi dan menggunakan perbedaan konsentrasi Mg 0.6 gram, 1.2 gram, dan 3 gram. Karakterisasi dan identifikasi partikel SiC menggunakan XRD, SEM, dan EDX . Berdasarkan hasil penelitian bahwa pertambahan konsentrasi meningkatkan kekasaran permukaan dan luas kontak permukaan tetapi tidak mempengaruhi kesimetrian dari partikel SiC sehingga wetabbility partikel SiC ketika dipergunakan pada komposit akan meningkat

Seed mass predicts migration lag of European trees

International audienceAbstractKey messageWe reanalysed a dataset of tree distribution ranges in Europe to identify which plant traits best explain migration potential in woody species. Contrary to our intuition that tree longevity would best explain the ability of trees to migrate, we found that seed biomass was the only good descriptor of migration potential: trees with heavier seeds lag more.ContextTo cope with global warming, the majority of plants have either to migrate polewards or risk extinction. This is why conservationists value predictive models that can flag plant species that may not keep pace with global warming.AimsTo identify which plant traits best explain migration potential in woody species by reanalysing a dataset of tree distribution ranges in Europe.MethodsWe used two statistical approaches to quantify migration lag. A direct approach compared frequency of large trees in the two latitudinal extremes and a modelling approach in which we first corrected data for the influence of temperature and then assessed the influence of latitude over the entire distribution of the tree species.ResultsContrary to our intuition that tree longevity would best explain the ability of trees to migrate, we found that seed mass was the only good descriptor of migration potential: trees with heavier seeds lag more.ConclusionWe interpret our results in terms of the well-established trade-off between seed mass and seed production in spermatophytes and discuss the possible functional implications that will result from selectively losing large-seeded trees. In summary, we provide an empirical study on how woody communities will respond to global warming over the next years

Analyzing the Effects of Coccolithophore Concentration on the Relationship Between Vertical Absorption Coefficient and Secchi Disk Depth

The study of how light passes through water, known as ocean optics, is useful in determining the constituents suspended at the surface of a water body. Understanding the composition of the water over time can answer questions about how the oceans have changed with global climate change and ocean acidification. The vertical absorption coefficient in ocean waters is an indicator characterizing how deeply light penetrates the water column. Using this information, scientists can better understand and predict the amount of primary productivity occurring in the area. Here we examine the relationship between vertical absorption coefficient and Secchi disk depth to determine if the concentration of a type of calcifying phytoplankton, coccolithophores, causes the relationship to deviate from the findings of a pivotal historical study conducted in 1929 by Poole and Atkins. Data was collected during July 2018 aboard the R/V Endeavor on the EN616 “Cocco-Mix” cruise in the Northwest Atlantic Ocean. Diffuse attenuation was determined using downwelling irradiance measurements gathered from a HyperPro that measures electromagnetic energy through the water column. Diffuse attenuation values were compared with Secchi disk depth measurements taken at the same time and location as the HyperPro casts. Results will contribute to our understanding of how the relationship between light extinction and Secchi disk depth changes between water bodies. This knowledge can be used to relate light extinction and Secchi disk depth in historical studies in the Northwest Atlantic that did not have access to more modern equipment to measure light extinction

Extinction risk of soil biota

No species lives on earth forever. Knowing when and why species go extinct is crucial for a complete understanding of the consequences of anthropogenic activity, and its impact on ecosystem functioning. Even though soil biota play a key role in maintaining the functioning of ecosystems, the vast majority of existing studies focus on aboveground organisms. Many questions about the fate of belowground organisms remain open, so the combined effort of theorists and applied ecologists is needed in the ongoing development of soil extinction ecology