Content analysis of elite articulations

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/67140/2/10.1177_002200276400800406.pd

Protein tyrosine phosphatases in glioma biology

Gliomas are a diverse group of brain tumors of glial origin. Most are characterized by diffuse infiltrative growth in the surrounding brain. In combination with their refractive nature to chemotherapy this makes it almost impossible to cure patients using combinations of conventional therapeutic strategies. The drastically increased knowledge about the molecular underpinnings of gliomas during the last decade has elicited high expectations for a more rational and effective therapy for these tumors. Most studies on the molecular pathways involved in glioma biology thus far had a strong focus on growth factor receptor protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) and phosphatidylinositol phosphatase signaling pathways. Except for the tumor suppressor PTEN, much less attention has been paid to the PTK counterparts, the protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) superfamily, in gliomas. PTPs are instrumental in the reversible phosphorylation of tyrosine residues and have emerged as important regulators of signaling pathways that are linked to various developmental and disease-related processes. Here, we provide an overview of the current knowledge on PTP involvement in gliomagenesis. So far, the data point to the potential implication of receptor-type (RPTPδ, DEP1, RPTPμ, RPTPζ) and intracellular (PTP1B, TCPTP, SHP2, PTPN13) classical PTPs, dual-specific PTPs (MKP-1, VHP, PRL-3, KAP, PTEN) and the CDC25B and CDC25C PTPs in glioma biology. Like PTKs, these PTPs may represent promising targets for the development of novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies in the treatment of high-grade gliomas

Men And Nations

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N=2 superconformal theories, topological field theories, compactification and SUSY braking, effective low-energy action of string theory Final scientific report

During the three years duration of this research we have witnessed a real breakthrough in our understanding of non-perturbative phenomena in both SUSY gauge theories as well as superstring theories. Our research, naturally, concentrated on this 'revolution' that occurred in the investigation of superstring theories and (supersymmetric) quantum gauge field theories. We believe that our research is on the forefront and contributed in a most significant way to this outstanding progress. This progress relates in an intimate way string theories and quantum (gauge) field theories and allows for the investigation of their strong coupling regimes. We have learned that the previously seemingly different five known superstring theories are intimately connected through various duality symmetries known as S, T and U dualities. In particular one uses various dualities to show that the strong coupling limit of a given string theory is equivalent to a weak coupling limit of another theory. Moreover, by now we have many non-trivial evidences that string theory should be reformulated in terms of an eleven dimensional theory. This theory is known as M-theory. It includes membrane (M2) and fivebrane (M5). It accounts for all branes of string theories and qualitatively describes correctly the interactions of string and D-branes. The mere existence of M-theory has led to simpler understanding of many types of string dualities whose origin is otherwise obscure. Upon compactification one learns how some string theories and their vacuum states are connected in an intricated fashion. The various interrelations and their physical implications strongly depend on the number of space-time dimensions and the amount of supersymmetry in the string vacua under consideration. (orig.)SIGLEAvailable from TIB Hannover: F00B262 / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekGerman-Israeli Foundation for Scientific Research and Development (GIF), Oberschleissheim (Germany)DEGerman