1,884 research outputs found
Gravitino Freeze-In
We explore an alternative mechanism for the production of gravitino dark
matter whereby relic gravitinos originate from the decays of superpartners
which are still in thermal equilibrium, i.e. via freeze-in. Contributions to
the gravitino abundance from freeze-in can easily dominate over those from
thermal scattering over a broad range of parameter space, e.g. when the scalar
superpartners are heavy. Because the relic abundance from freeze-in is
independent of the reheating temperature after inflation, collider measurements
may be used to unambiguously reconstruct the freeze-in origin of gravitinos. In
particular, if gravitino freeze-in indeed accounts for the present day dark
matter abundance, then the lifetime of the next-to-lightest superpartner is
uniquely fixed by the superpartner spectrum.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figure
Seesaw Spectroscopy at Colliders
A low-scale neutrino seesaw may be probed or even reconstructed at colliders
provided that supersymmetry is at the weak scale and the LSP is a sterile
sneutrino. Because the neutrino Yukawa couplings are small, the NLSP is
typically long-lived and thus a significant fraction of colored or charged
NLSPs may stop in the detector material before decaying to the LSP and a
charged lepton, gauge boson, or Higgs. For two-body NLSP decays, the energy
spectrum of the visible decay product exhibits a monochromatic line for each
sterile sneutrino which can be used to extract the sterile sneutrino masses and
some or all entries of the neutrino Yukawa matrix modulo phases. Similar
methods can be used to extract these parameters from the Dalitz plot in the
case of three-body NLSP decays. Assuming that the sterile sneutrino and
neutrino are roughly degenerate, one can confirm the existence of a neutrino
seesaw by comparing these measured parameters to the observed active neutrino
masses and mixing angles. Seesaw spectroscopy can also provide genuinely new
information such as the value of , the nature of the neutrino mass
hierarchy, and the presence of CP conservation in the neutrino sector. We
introduce a weak-scale theory of leptogenesis that can be directly tested by
these techniques.Comment: 7 pages, 4 figure
Autopathographies: how "Sick Lit." shapes knowledge of the illness experience
I had the honour of being a member of the first class of MSc students in
Medical Anthropology in Oxford in 2001. During the MSc I became
interested in the intersections of medical anthropology and public health,
particularly in considering how medical anthropology theory can be
operationalized to improve public health program evaluation. I went on to
complete a PhD in Anthropology and a Master's of Public Health in
International Health from Boston University, where my research focused on
the long-term impacts of oral rehydration therapy campaigns in highland
Guatemala. I then spent a year working with Arthur Kleinman at Harvard
University and, drawing on the foundational knowledge I gained from the
MSc, became further interested in illness narratives. I conducted postdoctoral research on illness narratives through the Oxford
Autopathographies Project, described here. I continue to investigate primary
health care delivery in Guatemala and co-direct the NAPA-OT Field School
in medical anthropology. I am currently Assistant Professor of
Anthropology and Public Health at Agnes Scott College in Atlanta, Georgia
Bisimple monogenic orthodox semigroups
We give a complete description of the structure of all bisimple orthodox
semigroups generated by two mutually inverse elements
Impact of Processing Method on AQF Functionality in Bakery Items
Aquafaba (AQF) has the unique ability to foam like egg whites and is a waste product of cooked chickpea that is not currently utilized by the food industry. Thus, the goal of this research was to concentrate the solids by reverse osmosis (cAQF) followed by drying. Dried AQF was prepared by cooking chickpea in excess water. After removal of the chickpea, the liquid AQF was subjected to reverse osmosis followed by freeze, tray, or spray drying. The resulting AQF products were incorporated into standard cake mix and sugar cookie formulas. Hardness, gumminess, and chewiness of cakes made with eggs were significantly higher compared to the cakes made with AQF. Spread factor was significantly greater for cookies made with AQF compared to eggs while hardness was significantly lower in cookies with AQF. Higher flavor and overall acceptability scores were observed in cookies made with AQF compared to cookies made with egg. However, sensory characteristics were generally not different among cakes. In general, cAQF and spray-dried AQF tended to produce cakes and cookies with the best quality and sensory characteristic. This research supports the use of RO and drying methods in producing AQF ingredients for baking applications
From guidelines to local realities: evaluation of oral rehydration therapy and zinc supplementation in Guatemala
Objectives: Diarrhea remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality for children in low- and middle-income countries throughout the Americas. WHO guidelines have been developed to incorporate zinc supplementation (ZS) with traditional oral rehydration therapy (ORT) to shorten duration and reduce poor health outcomes. Guatemala adopted these guidelines in 2011, but they have not yet been fully implemented at the community level. The objectives of this study were to co-design an ORT/ZS training program with community health promoters appropriate to the local context and to understand how training with the promoters changes attitudes and behaviors of community members.
Methods: In an observational study, community health promoters were trained in rural Guatemala according to WHO guidelines and collaboratively developed training curriculum to implement in their community. Community-based surveys, interviews, and focus group discussions were used to assess acceptability, accessibility, and availability of oral rehydration therapy and zinc supplementation
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