Tracking the Tupamaros: The Role of Uruguay\u27s Movimiento de Liberacion-Tupamaros in the Electoral Success of the Frente Amplio, 1958-Present

This project examines the role of the Movimiento de Liberación Nacional-­‐Tupamaros (Movement of National Liberation‐Tupamaros, MLN‐T) guerrilla movement, often referred to simply as the Tupamaros, as it relates to the electoral success of the Frente Amplio (Broad Front, FA), Uruguay’s largest non‐traditional coalition of political parties, from 1958 to the present. The Tupamaros officially emerged in 1963 in response to a period of deepening political and economic stagnation during which Uruguay’s ostensible tradition of two‐party dominance proved incapable of addressing widespread socio‐economic concerns. Throughout the 1960s into the 1970s, the Tupamaros used guerrilla tactics to expose the inefficiencies of the government and undermine the Uruguayan political system. Despite the government’s steadfast repression of the Tupamaros, culminating in the onset of the civic‐military dictatorship from 1973 to 1985, this paper argues that the movement was successful in influencing the legal left to organize into a broad opposition front-the Frente Amplio-in 1971. The thesis goes further, claiming that, upon Uruguay’s return to democracy in 1985, the Tupamaros further legitimized the FA by abandoning arms and joining the coalition in 1989 through the Movimiento de Participación Popular (Movement of Popular Participation, MPP). In addition, since the Tupamaros began participating in elections in 1994, the MPP has become the single largest party within the FA, and, since 2004, the FA has won each successive presidential election, most notably that of José “Pepe” Mujica, a former Tupamaro, in 2009. This thesis draws on research conducted in Montevideo, Uruguay during March 2015. The use of personal testimonies, such as those by Clara Aldrighi and María Esther Gilio, and primary documents, along with the many contributions of authors across a variety of disciplines, provides this investigation with an authentic look inside the relationship between the Tupamaros’ ideology and practice in promoting revolutionary change in Uruguay. Overall, the MLN‐T\u27s transition from guerrilla movement to political party highlights a pragmatic departure from the movement’s fundamental ideology insomuch that the Tupamaros seized a political opening in Uruguay\u27s history of two‐party dominance and successfully adapted to the political arena

Hardware Isolation Approach to Securely Use Untrusted GPUS in Cloud Environments for Machine Learning

Machine Learning (ML) is now a primary method for getting useful information out of the immense volumes of data being generated and stored in society today. Useful data is a commodity for training ML models and those that need data for training are often not the owners of the data leading to a desire to use cloud-based services. Deep learning algorithms are best suited to run on a graphical processing unit (GPU) which presents a specific problem since the GPU is not a secure or trusted piece of hardware in the cloud computing environment. In this paper, we will analyze some current methods of performing ML in the cloud using untrusted hardware and propose FIGHTE: full isolation of GPU hardware for trusted execution, a new hardware implementation capable of physical isolation. FIGHTE should allow for securely using a GPU for ML in the cloud even for various parties involved

Postnatal Changes

The shift away from midwifery’s involvement in postnatal care has implications for students – the workforce of the future. Two midwifery educators argue that there needs to be joined-up thinkingon how postnatal care is delivered

Feature Selection of Post-Graduation Income of College Students in the United States

This study investigated the most important attributes of the 6-year post-graduation income of college graduates who used financial aid during their time at college in the United States. The latest data released by the United States Department of Education was used. Specifically, 1,429 cohorts of graduates from three years (2001, 2003, and 2005) were included in the data analysis. Three attribute selection methods, including filter methods, forward selection, and Genetic Algorithm, were applied to the attribute selection from 30 relevant attributes. Five groups of machine learning algorithms were applied to the dataset for classification using the best selected attribute subsets. Based on our findings, we discuss the role of neighborhood professional degree attainment, parental income, SAT scores, and family college education in post-graduation incomes and the implications for social stratification.Comment: 14 pages, 6 tables, 3 figure

Book Reviews

Julie Nichols - Threshold Concepts. Brad E. Lucas, et al. - Adler-Kassner, Linda, and Elizabeth Wardle, eds. Naming What We Know: Threshold Concepts of Writing Studies. Logan: Utah State University Press, 2015. Maureen Hall - Waxler, Robert P. The Risk of Reading: How Literature Helps Us to Understand Ourselves and the World. New York: Bloomsbury, 2014. Gae Lyn Henderson - Goodson, Ivor, and Scherto Gill. Critical Narrative as Pedagogy. New York: Bloomsbury, 2014

Unified Theories with U(2) Flavor Symmetry

A general operator expansion is presented for quark and lepton mass matrices in unified theories based on a U(2) flavor symmetry, with breaking parameter of order $V_{cb} \approx m_s/m_b \approx \sqrt{m_c/m_t}$. While solving the supersymmetric flavor-changing problem, a general form for the Yukawa couplings follows, leading to 9 relations among the fermion masses and mixings, 5 of which are precise. The combination of grand unified and U(2) symmetries provides a symmetry understanding for the anomalously small values of $m_u/m_c$ and $m_c/m_t$. A fit to the fermion mass data leads to a prediction for the angles of the CKM unitarity triangle, which will allow a significant test of these unified U(2) theories. A particular SO(10) model provides a simple realization of the general operator expansion. The lighter generation masses and the non-trivial structure of the CKM matrix are generated from the exchange of a single U(2) doublet of heavy vector generations. This model suggests that CP is spontaneously broken at the unification scale --- in which case there is a further reduction in the number of free parameters.Comment: 31 pages, 3 .eps figures include

The incidence of subsequent contralateral hip fracture and factors associated with increased risk:The IMPACT Contralateral Fracture Study

IntroductionHip fractures are associated with high morbidity and mortality and patients that sustain a subsequent contralateral fracture experience inferior outcomes. The risk of contralateral fracture is highest within the first year, however the incidence and associated factors remain poorly understood. The aims were to investigate i) the incidence of a subsequent contralateral hip fracture within the first year ii) identify factors associated with an increased risk of contralateral fracture, and iii) compare early mortality risk after index versus contralateral hip fracture. MethodsThis study included all patients aged over 50 years admitted to NHS hospitals in Scotland between 1st March 2020 and 31st December 2020 (n=5566) as routine activity of the Scottish Hip Fracture Audit (SHFA). Multivariate logistic regression was used to examine factors associated with 30-day mortality and cox regression was used to identify factors associated with a contralateral fracture. ResultsDuring the study period 2.5% (138/5566) of patients sustained a contralateral hip fracture within 12 months of the index hip fracture. Socioeconomic deprivation was inversely associated with increased risk of contralateral fracture (odds ratio 2.64, p&lt;0.001), whilst advancing age (p=0.427) and sex (p=0.265) were not. After adjusting for significant cofounders there was no significant difference in 30-day mortality following contralateral fracture compared to index fracture (OR 1.22, p=0.433). ConclusionOne in 40 (2.5%) hip fracture patients sustained a contralateral fracture within 12 months of their index fracture and deprivation was associated with a reduced risk of contralateral fracture. No difference in 30-day mortality was found. <br/

Cosmology on a Three-Brane

In this paper a general solution is found for a five dimensional orbifold spacetime that induces a $k=0$ cosmology on a three-brane. Expressions for the energy density and pressure on the brane in terms of the brane metric are derived. Given a metric on the brane it is possible to find five dimensional spacetimes that contain the brane. This calculation is carried out for an inflationary universe and for a metric that corresponds to a radiation dominated universe in standard cosmology. It is also shown that any $k=0$ cosmology can be embedded in a flat five dimensional orbifold spacetime and the equation of the three-brane surface is derived. For an inflationary universe it is shown that the surface is the usual hyperboloid representation of de Sitter space, although it is embedded in an orbifold spacetime.Comment: 11 pages, LaTex. New solutions with a cosmological constant have been adde