Multilateral benefit-sharing from digital sequence information will support both science and biodiversity conservation

Open access to sequence data is a cornerstone of biology and biodiversity research, but has created tension under the United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD). Policy decisions could compromise research and development, unless a practical multilateral solution is implemented.This workwas funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) WiLDSI 031B0862 (A.H.S., J.O., and J.F.) and Horizon Europe EVA-GLOBAL 871029 (A.H.S.). I.K.M. was supported by the National Center for Biotechnology Information of the National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health

ASSESSMENT OF PHENOTYPIC DIVERSITY OF BISKRA DATE PALM (PHOENIX DACTYLIFERA L.) CULTIVARS

Date palm is an important fruit crop for Algeria due to its economic importance. More date palm is considered as a staple food for many regions in Algeria. Biskra is the first biggest region for dates production, mainly for the commercial cultivar Deglet Noor.  The present study aimed at phenotypic diversity charaterization among fifteen Algerian date palm cultivars grown in Biskra using fifteen descriptors measured on vegetative part. The results, using multivariate analysis, indicated high morphological variability among cultivars. Globally, correlation matrix showed relatively high positive and negative correlations between some vegetative characters.  Principal component analysis (PCA) defined the most discriminants characters responsible of the observed variability. In fact, among the fifteen vegetative traits analyzed in this study, five related to the different descriptors of the leaf, leaflet and spines allowed effective differentiation among the studied cultivars. The data obtained here constitute a contribution to help to create a phenotypic database and also to highlight the importance of neglected cultivars

PREMIERE CARACTERISATION MORHOMETRIQUE DE Ditylenchus gigas n.sp DANS LA RGION DE BISKRA

La protection des cultures menacées par le genre Ditylenchusrequière une identification correcte et précise aussi bien des espèces que des races biologiques afin de mettre en place les stratégies adéquates de lutte intégrée. Par conséquent, les spécimensde nématodes doivent être identifiés en utilisant aussi bien des mesures morpho métriquesque moléculaires. En Algérie, l’identification des espèces du genre Ditylenchus se base uniquement sur l‘aspect d’observations morphologiques. Dans la présente étude, 8 critères biométriques couramment utilisés pour définir les espèces du genre Ditylenchus furent effectués pour déterminer l’espèce et la race de Ditylenchusprésent sur les cultures de fève (Vicia faba) dans la région de Biskra. Les résultats obtenus sur base des caractères morphologiques typiques pour l’identification de ce nématode constituent une preuve scientifique de l’existence de l’espèce Ditylenchus gigas n. sp.en Algérie.En effet, cette nouvelle espèce de nématodes, signalée comme race géante depuis plusieurs années,est décrite ici, pour la première fois en Algérie, commeDitylenchus gigas n. sp. sur la base des résultats d’analyse de plusieurs populations collectées à partir des champs de fèves (Vicia faba)dans une région aride à l’Est Algérien (Biskra).Dès lors, cette identification et confirmation de l’existence de cette espèce impliquerait une nouvelle approche pour une lutte intégrée plus appropriée

Distorsion de ségrégation dans une population interspécifique de cotonnier issue de l’hybride [(Gossypium hirsutum x G. raimondii)² x G. sturtianum]

The segregation ratio of 10 Gossypium sturtianum specific SSR markers belonging to linkage groups c2-c14, c3-c17, and c6-c25was analysed in the BC2S6 progeny of the [G.hirsutum x G. raimondii)² x G. sturtianum] (HRS) hybrid; based on chi-square test. All the marker loci tested were associated with skewed allele frequencies (P < 0.001) showing a strong SD with a zygotic selection. The possible causes and consequences of this massive segregation distortion are discusse

Alien chromosome transmission and somatic elimination in monosomic addition lines of Gossypium australe F. Muell in G. hirsutum L

The efficiency of using monosomic alien addition lines (MAALs) to introgress agronomical traits of interest carried by wild diploid Gossypium species into the main cultivated cotton species G. hirsutum depends on the opportunities of confronting the alien chromosome with the recipient background genome at each generation and on the occurrence of translocations and homoeologous recombinations. The selfed-progeny of five MAALs of G. australe in G. hirsutum was screened with SSR markers to determine the transmission frequency of the alien chromosome and monitor its integrity. Three MAALs revealed a transmission frequency significantly lower than the expected ratio and one MAAL presented an exclusive transmission of the additional chromosome. In these four MAAL the alien chromosome was transmitted almost unaltered. With the fifth MAAL the alien chromosome was normally transmitted but was altered in half of the plants carrying it. In one MAAL, normally carrying brown fiber, the emergence of some plants carrying white and brown fiber revealed the somatic elimination of the additional chromosome. The loss of this chromosome seems to be triggered by its deletion. (Résumé d'auteur

Study of the determinism of the glanded-plant and glandless-seed trait introgressed in G. hirsutum from G. sturtianum. Germplasm and genetic stocks

peer reviewe

Effect of GammaRay in the Progeny of Trispecific Hybrid [(Gossypium hirsutum x G. raimondii)² x G. sturtianum]

The objective of this study is to analyse the possibilities of fixing in the progeny of the [(Gossypium hirsutum x G. raimondii)² x G. sturtianum] (HRS) trispecies hybrid, the glandless-seed and glanded-plant trait. The expression of the character was analysed in progenies obtained by selfing the HRS BC2S5/9/6/1/51/15 genetic stock. This character is controlled by one or more genes located on introgressed chromosome fragments of G. sturtianum. These foreign DNA fragments seem also carriers of gametes terminators genes on the same chromosome fragments and there would be a possible existence of negative interactions between some of the introgressed G. sturtianum alleles and the G. hirsutum genetic background inducing post-zygotic mortality. In order to break existing lethal links, some of the studied seeds were treated with 15 krad of gamma radiation. The transfer of G. sturtianum chromosome fragments introgressed stocks was assessed using ten mapped SSR markers, carried out on 78 plants HRS ‘BC2S6’. Gamma irradiation used to overcome lethality in HRS hybrid did not give expected results in M2 because of high rate of abortion observed in HRS ‘BC2S6’ seeds. However, gamma ray did not induce the appearance of chimeric tissues in the HRS ‘BC2S5/9/6/1/51/15’ in M1 plants. Moreover, the notable fertility improvement observed for some plants issued from irradiated seeds constitutes a clue of the achievement of favourables recombinations due to the gamma ray treatment. The perspectives opened by the results obtained for the stabilization of the glandless-seed and glanded-plant trait in a G. hirsutum commercial variety are discussed